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学习定语从句要避免犯以下错误
南昌十九中 宋焘
定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，大家在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，以一些经典题目为例，提醒大家避免犯类似错误。
一、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。
1．误：The house where he lives in needs repairing．
正：The house where he lives needs repairing．
译：他住的房子需要修理。
析：关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，in属多余。
2．误：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing．
正：I still remember the day when/ on which I first came to Beijing．
译：我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。
析：应删去on，因为when在这里的意思是on which，否则介词on就重复了，或把when改为which。
二、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。
1．误：Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．
正：Some of the boys I invited didn’t come．
译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。
析：应删去them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom，who或that。
2．误：The book that you need it is in the library．
正：The book that you need is in the library．
译：你需要的书在图书馆里。
析：应删去it，因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。
三、省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。
1．误：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
正：Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
译：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。
析：应加上关系代词who或that，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。
2．误：The key opens the bike is missing．
正：The key that／which opens the bike is missing．
译：开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。
析：应加上关系代词that或which，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。
四、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。
1．误：I still remember the day when we spent together．
正：I still remember the day that／which we spent together．
译：我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。
析：应改when为that或which，因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。
2．误：This is the house where we lived in last year．
正：This is the house which／that we lived in last year．
译：这是我们去年住过的那个房子。
析：应改where为which或that，因为从句谓语动词lived后有介词in，其后少介词宾语，而不是地点状语。
五、误将强调句型当定语从句。
1．误：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out．
正：It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out．
译：大火发生在厨房。
析：应将where改that，因为原句还原为The fire broke out in the kitchen后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非定语从句。
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