打印本文 打印本文  关闭窗口 关闭窗口  
Unit 2 English around the world
作者:FroG  文章来源:不详  点击数748  更新时间:2008-5-3  文章录入:frog  责任编辑:frog

 


1.Joe is an American who has come to Britain for the first time. 乔是一位第一次来到 英国的美国人。
      注意: for the first time与 the first time的区别。两者均可表示“首次;第一次”,但用法并不相同。 for the first time指平生第一 次做某事或某段时间之内第一次做某事,在句中通常单独作状语; the  first  time指做某事的次数,可引导状语从句和表语从句。如:  He saw Naples for the first time.他首次见到了那不勒斯。
  Did you believe his story the first time he told you?他第一次告诉你他的经历时你相信吗?
  That was the first time I had left Guilin. 那是我第一次离开桂林。
2.Did you sleep at all on the plane?你在飞机上到底睡了没有?
  (1)at  all常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中以加强句子的语气,但在不同的句式中表示不同的意思。用于否定句,意思是“丝毫;根本”;用于疑问句,意思是“到底;究竟”;用于if条件句,意思是“既然;即使”。如
      They didn' t go there at all.他们根本没去过那地方。      Do it well if you do it at all.要做就要做得好。 
      Have you read any of the book at all?那本书你到底有没有读一点?
  (2)at all有时也用于肯定句,但往往含有否定的意味.如:I'm surprised you came as all.想不到你还是来了.(原以为不会来)
3. make yourself at home别客气(别拘束)
  (1)at home在此表示“舒适;无拘束”,常与 be,  feel或 make等动词连用。如:Please sit down and make yourself at home.请坐下别拘束。   She always felt at home in the old hotel. 她住在那老旅馆总觉得舒适自在。
   (2)at home还可表示“在家;在国内”,或表示“精通;熟悉”,常与 in,on或 with等介词连用。如:
    Are your parents at home?你的父母在家吗?    She is at home in modem music.她精通现代音乐。
4.I meant the red one, not the green one.我是说我找到了浴室,但没找到我要找的东西!
  (1)mean在此表示“指…而言;意思是说”,后面可接名词、代词或从句。如:
    I meant the red one, not the green one.我说的是那个红的,不是那个绿的。    I mean that he is being unfair.我是说他不公平。
  (2)mean表示“打算(做某事)”,后面常接动词不定式;表示“意味着(某种可能或结果),后接动名词。如:
    Do you mean to go without money?你打算身无分文地去吗?
    Missing the train means waiting for an hour. 要是误了车,就得等一个钟头。
5.Is there anything that isn’t clear to yoll?你有什么不清楚的吗?
      that isn’t clear to you是定语从句,修饰不定代词 anything,其中的引导词出at在定语从句中作主语,故不可省略。
另需注意的是,当先行词是anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时,定语从句的引导词通常用 that,而不用which。如
Nothing that he said was right他说的话没有一句是对的. Do you have anything that you can't understand?你有什么不明白的吗?
6.Don't forget to buy me some ketchup on your way back. 回来时别忘了给我买些番茄酱。
  (l)forget to do sth.或 forget doing sth.的区别是,前者表示“别忘了要做某事”,to do sth 指尚未发生的动作;后者表示“忘记了曾经做过的事情”,doing sth.表示已发生的动作。如: Don't forget to shake the bottle before use.吃药前别忘了摇瓶子。
I'll never forget hearing her singing that song.我再也不会忘记听她唱那支歌的情景。
  (2)on one’s wsy表示“在……路上”,后面可接表示地点的副词;接名词时,与to连用。如:
    on his way home/there在他回家/到那里的路上        on my wsy to school/to Guilin在我上学/去桂林的路上
7.English is a language spoken all round the world. 英语是一问世界性语言。
    spoken all round the world是过去分词短语作定语,修饰前面的名词1anguage。由于language是分词动作的承受者,故该分词用过去分词形式,表示被动的意思。另外,分词短语作定语时,其意义相当于一个定语从句,往往放在所修饰的名词之后。如:  The book (which was) written by him is very popular. 他写的那本书很受欢迎。
8. There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English. 有42个以上的国家多数人口讲英语。
  (1)where the majority dthe people speak English是定请从句,修饰前面的名词 countries。where引导的定语从句通常修饰表示地点的先行调,关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语。如:
    That is the building where my father works.那就是我父亲工作的大楼。
  (2) majority的意思是“大多数;大部分”,常与a或the连用,作主语时,若指整体情况,谓语常用单数;指许多个体,谓语常用复数。 A majority continue to support him.大多数继续支持他。
The majority of his books are kept upstairs.他的大部分书藏在楼上。
The majority of students were/was interested in the book.多学生对这本书感兴趣。
9.In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue总共有三亿七千五百万人的母语是英语。
  (1)in total= in all,均表示“总共”。如: That will cost you $ 500 in total/in all.    How much is it in all/in total?
  (2) one' s mother tongue = one' s native language意思是“母语;本族语”。如: Chinese is my mother tongue/native language.
10. However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.尽管如此,把英语当作外语来学的人数超过了七亿五千万。
    the numher of与 a number of后面均接复数名词,但它们的意思及用法均不相同。 the  number of表示“……的数量”,后接复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数; a  number of= numbers of,意思是“很多的;好些”,表了程度,可以在 number之前加 large,great或 small之类的修饰同,该短语修饰主语时,谓语用复数。如:
The number of the students has increased a lot since 1995.自从 1995年以来学生的人数增加了很多。
The number of the workers in our factory is greater than that in theirs.我们厂工人的人数要比他们厂多。
There are a small number of children in the park.        A great number of people have seen the film. 有很多的人看过这部电影。
11. In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language. 除香港有许多人将英语作为第一或第二语言外,中国学生在学校里把英语当作外语来学
    注意:except与  except for 的区别。
(1)表示从同类别事物的整数中除去苦干,用 except或 except for均可。如:
  Except (for) Tom, we all went to the park. 除了汤姆外,我们都去了公园。(We与Tom同属人类)
  Except (for) John, everyone was able to answer. 除了史密斯以外大家都能回答这 个问题。
(2)先后指的两件事物不同类别,或性质不同,用 except for。如;
The room is empty except for a broken chair . 除了一张坏椅子外,房里是空的。(chair与 the room性质不同)
We had a very pleasant time, except for the weather.除了天公不作美外,我们过得很愉快。(time与weather性质不同)
(3)表示某人或某事物在总体上是好的,只是其中的某个细节或某个环节不尽人 意,一般用except for。如:
 The story is good except for the ending.除结尾外,这个故事很好。
(4)except后面可接介间短语、副词、带to或不带to的动词不定式以及由that,when或 where引导的从句, except for不能这样用。如:  He takes no orders except from the king.他只接受国王一个人的命令。(后接介词短语)
Mary did nothing except clean the dishes.玛丽除了洗盘子外,什么事都没做。(except前面有do,后接不带to的动词不定式)
    He had no choice except to walk home.他别无选择,只好走路回家。  (except前没有do,后接带to的动词不定式)
12. Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak Chinese. 做生意的人和旅游者们常常来到中国,而他们并不会说汉语。
      without是介词。介词后接动词时,该动词应该用-ing形式。如:
She went out the room without saying anything .她一言不发走出房间。  Mary is good at swimming.玛丽擅长游泳。
13.With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and I more important to have a good knowledge of English.有这么多的人每天用英语交流,精通英语将会变得越来越重要。
      “介词with十名词或代词十动词的分词形式”构成的复合结构在句中通常作状语,表示背景情况、行为方式、原因或条件等。 (l)在这一结构中,如果分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的,该分词用现在分词形式。如:
    With the old man leading, they started toward the mountain.在老人的带领下他们动身往山里走去。
    She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地跑,汗珠顺着脸留下来。
  (2)如果分词表示的动作不是前面的名词发出的,该分词用过去分词形式。如:
    She was thinking for a while with her eyes shut.她闭着眼睛思考片刻。
  (3)“介词 with十名词或代词十介词短语或形容词”也可起相同的作用。如:He often sleeps with the windows open.           The teacher came in with a book in his hand. 老师手里拿着书走了进来。
14. Why is it becoming more and more important to have a good knowledge of English? 为什么通晓英语变得越来越重实了?
 have a good knowledge of表了“熟知;知晓”。如:He has a good knowledge of Chinese history. 他通晓中国历史。
A baby has no knowledge of good and evil婴儿不知道善恶。
15.How did these differences come about?这些差别是怎样产生的?           
come about表示“发生;产生”,为不及物动词短语,不可用于被动结构。如:Tell us how the traffic accident came about.告诉我们这次交通事故是怎样发生的。How did it come about that he left school? 他为什么会退学?
16. turn down the radio调小收音机的音量
      注意:动词turn与on,off,up,down,to,in等副词或介词连用,可表示不同的意思。如:
        turn on开(收音机、煤气、水龙头、灯等的开关)        turn off关(收音机、煤气、水龙头、灯等的开关)
        turn up(把收音机、电视、灯等)开大些;出现;出席        turn down把收音机、电视、灯等)开小些
        turn in交上去        turn to向……寻求帮助;转到        turn over移交;打翻
17. stay up too late 睡得太晚
    (1)stay up的意思是“熬夜;通宵不睡”。如: I'm all right. I stayed up late last night.我没事,我只是昨天晚上睡晚了。
      He stayed up all night.他通宵不睡。
    (2) stay up后接动词时,若该动词的动作指目的,用不定式结构;指伴随动作,用动词的-ing形式作伴随状语。如:
     He insisted on staying up to nurse the patient .他坚持不睡,来照看病人。(to nurse the patient 作目的状语)
     Mary stayed up reading until midnight.玛丽看书一直看到深夜才睡。( reading作伴随状语)
18. At the same time, British and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with different words.与此同时,英国英语和美国英语开始从其他语言中借用词语,于是(英国英语和美国英语)产生了不同的词语。
      end(up) with的意思是“以……结束”。如:She ended her letter with good wishes to the family 在信尾她祝全家好。
We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee. 我们最后吃水果喝咖啡结束了宴会。
19. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.不过.在多数情况下,英美人互相交谈是没有什么困难的。
  have difficulty/trouble in doing sth. 的意思是“做某事有困难”,注意其中的 in doing sth不可改用 to do sth。如:
We had no difficulty in repairing his car.      He has some difficulty in settling this problem.他解决这个问题有一些困难。
20. Do you know any other English words that were borrowed from other language?
    (l)other用作形容词,意思是“其他的;别的”,修饰名词时,其前面常常有the,no,some,many或any等限定词。如:  No other person besides Li Ming applied.除李明外没人申请。  She has many other things to do. 她有很多事要做。
(2)指两者中的“另一方”,用the other(s)或“the other十名词”表示。如:The hotel is on the other side of the street.那旅馆在街对面。 Mary is here, but the other girls are still out in the playground.玛丽在这里,但是其余的女孩还在运动场。
  He has five friends. Two are workers. The others are doctors.她有五个朋友。两个是工人,其余的是大夫。
  (3) some... others 表了“一些……,一些……”(无范围);  some of... the others 表示“有的……,其余的(全都)……”(有范围)。如:  Some girls are playing poker; others are playing chess.有的女孩在打扑克,有的在下棋。
Some are  workers; others  are  teachers.有些是工人,有些是教师。
Some of the boys went swimming, while the others sat on the beach for sunbathing.有的男孩去游泳,其余的坐在沙滩上做日光浴

 

打印本文 打印本文  关闭窗口 关闭窗口