教学内容：Unit 9  Computers

【常用单词积累】
although.  waste.  a waste of believe.  necessary.  go up.  bring down. 
passenger.  record.  keep a record.  at one time
make a plan for.  greatly
correct
repair.  complete
information.  improve.  decision.  make a decision.  thanks to. 
title.  CAAC.  aeroplane.  summary.  take up. 

【基础知识精讲】
单词和词组 (1)although/though
though可用在倒装句中，相当于as，但although不行。e.g.
Poor though/as he is.  he is happy.  他虽穷，但很快乐。
though可与even和as连用，构成短语even though (相当于even if)和as though (相当于as if), although不能这样使用。e.g.
①Even though (if) it rains, I will go.  即使下雨我也要去。
②He looks as though (if) he were ill.  他看上去好像生了病一样。
though可以作副词，放在句尾，意为"然而"。e.g.
She said she would come to meet me; she didn't though.
她说她要来接我，然而她没有那么做。
(2)must/have to
①must强调说话人主观上认为"必须做……"。e.g.
We must study hard.  我们要努力学习。
②have to 的否定式为don't have to或haven't to, 相当于needn't, 意为"不必"。e.g.
You don't have to come here so early.  你不必来那么早。
③而must的否定式是mustn't，意为"禁止，不可以"。e.g.
You mustn't smoke here.  此处禁止吸烟。
④have to 的疑问式是"Do you have to... ?"或"Have you to... ?"等句式。e.g.
Do they have to be there early?他们得早去吗?
⑤will have to表示"将不得不……"。e.g.
We'll have to help them as much as we can.  我们得尽量帮助他们。
(3)it/one/that
it. one与that均可充当替代词，代替上文出现的人或事物，但三者各有不同。
1)it常用来特指上文出现过的同一事物，替代可数或不可数名词，其复数形式为them，指人或物均可。e.g.
①I lost my watch yesterday and I haven't found it yet.
昨天我的手表丢了，现在我还没找到它。
②There are many new books in the library.   We want to borrow them.
图书馆有许多新书。我们想去借阅那些书。
2)one常泛指上文出现的某类事物或人中的任何一个，相当于"a/an+名词"，只代替可数名词单数，其复数形式为ones。e.g.
①I'll take the seat next to the one by the window.
我将坐在窗口的那个座位旁边(的位子上)。
②Which apples do you prefer. the green ones or the red ones?
你想要哪些苹果，青的还是红的?
3)one前可加this, that, the, each等词修饰；one (s)前可加形容词作前置定语，形容词前还可加不定冠词或物主代词，无则不可；ones前有形容词，可用these或those放在形容词前，无则不可。e.g.
①Your question is a difficult one.  你问的是一个难题。
②These thin books are easy , but those thick ones are difficult.
这些薄书容易读，但那些厚的书却很难(读)。
4)one (s)有时也可用后置定语修饰。e.g.
-Which man is your father?哪个是你父亲?
-The one in the black car.  在黑色小汽车里的那个。
5)that常特指上文出现过的人或物，替代可数或不可数名词，相当于"that+名词"，其复数形式为those。e.g.
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Wuhan.
上海的人口比武汉的(人口)多。
6)that (those)常用介词短语、分词短语或从句等作后置定语修饰。e.g.
①The days in summer are longer than those in winter.
夏季的白天时间比在冬季的长。
②These machines are better than those we turned out last year.
这些机器比我们去年生产的(机器)好。
(4)join/attend/take part in
1)join作"加入，参加"讲时，常见用法有：
①作"参加，加入(团体、组织等)"解，相当于become a member of。e.g.
He joined the PLA in 2001.  他于2001年参加了解放军。
②join sb. in sth意为"加入到某人行列中做……"，有时sb可省略，仅用join in sth。in后多接游戏、比赛之类的名词。e.g.
Would you like to join us in the game?你愿意和我们一起做游戏吗?
Jenny sang the lead. the rest joined in the chorus.
珍妮领唱，其他人参加合唱。
2)attend与take part in也可以表示"参加"。attend常接表示"会议，讲座"之类的名词；take part in一般接"大型活动"之类的名词，有时可与join in互换。e.g.
①I'll have to attend a meeting this afternoon.  今天下午我得去参加会议。
②Everyone can take part in the sports meet.  每个人都可以参加运动会。
3)"参加考试"常用take an exam. 
(5)used to do/be used to
used to do. be used to
1)used to do表示"过去常常做某事(但现在不做了)"。e.g.
He used to play cards a lot.  他过去经常玩牌。(暗指现在不玩了)
注意：used to do的否定式有两种：didn't use to do和used not to do(缩写形式为usedn 't to do).  used to do的疑问有两种：美国人常用Did... used to... ?英国人常用Used... to do... ? e.g.
①What did you use to do when you were in the army?
当你在军队时，你经常干什么?
②-Used he to go to the market every Sunday?
  -No.  he usedn't to. 
  -过去他经常在周日去市场吗?
  -不，不经常去。
2)be used to+名词/动词-ing，表示"习惯于什么或习惯于做什么"，be动词用become. get代替。e.g.
①Tom is used to getting up early in the morning.  汤姆习惯清晨早起。
②She has become used to looking after herself. 
她已习惯了自己照管自己。
③The smokers get used to nicotine.  吸烟者习惯了尼古丁。
(6)prefer/would rather
prefer后接不定式；而would rather后接动词原形，常用would rather do A than B, 即"宁愿做A而不愿做B"，也可用prefer to do A rather than do B. e.g.
He would rather stay at home than go with us.  /He preferred to stay at home rather than go with us.  他宁可呆在家里也不愿和我们一道出去。
(7)at one time/at a time
1)at a time表示"每一次"。e.g.
Do one thing at a time.  一次做一件事。
2)其他类似的短语还有：at all times总是，始终；at this time此刻；at that time在那时；at the same time同时；at times时常；at any time在任何时候，等等。
(8)spend/take/pay/cost
1)spend在主动句中主语是人，常作"某人花时间/钱干什么"解。
2)take常用于"It takes/took/Will take (sb) some time to do sth."句型中，意为"花费"。e.g.
It took me three hours to finish the work.  我花了三个小时完成了这工作。
3)pay意为"花，用"，在主动句中主语是人：
①作及物动词时，常用pay for sth结构。e.g.
We arrived.  and I paid for the taxi. 我们一起到达，而由我付了出租车费。
②作及物动词时，常用pay some money for sth. pay sb或pay sb. sth结构。e.g.
He paid 100 dollars for this bike. 他花了一百美元买了这辆自行车。
I'll pay him next month.  我下月才付钱给他。
Pay me the money you owe me!你把欠我的钱还给我!
4)cost意为"花费，付出"，其主语为事物，不能用于时间，常用于"it/sth +cost sb+钱(劳力、生命等)(+to do sth)"这一句型。e.g.
①The new book cost me five yuan.  这新书花了我五元钱。
②It will cost you 500 pounds to fly to Paris.
飞往巴黎你要花五百英镑。
③His success cost him his health.  他成功了但身体垮了。
(9)because/ because of
1)because表理由，无感情色彩，后接原因状语从句。e.g.
-Why did you move there?
-Because my father found work in Paris.
-为什么搬到那里?
-因为我父亲在巴黎找到了工作。
2)because of意为"因为，由于"，没有感情色彩，后接名词、代词或名词性短语。e.g.
We did not get there on time because of the heavy rain.
由于大雨，我们没有及时到达。

【重点难点解析】
1. It also keeps a record of the date on which they will travel.
它也记录下乘客旅行的日期。
习惯用法
(1)keep a record of意为"把……记下来"，其中keep意为"记载，记入"。e.g.
Please keep a record of what he said.  请把他说的话记下来。
注意，类似的用法还有：keep books记账，挂账；keep a diary记日记；keep accounts记出入账。
(2)on which they will travel是定语从句，修饰先行词date。其中介词on是依据先行词date而选用的；置于定语从句之首，其后只能用which；移至句末，定语从句可用that或which 引导。e.g.
①That's the house in which he lives.  那就是他住的房子。
(in依据the house选定，in the house)
②That's the house (which/that) he lives in.
(介词后移，which/that可要可不要。)
2.  I don't think it's necessary to buy the bigger one.
我认为没有必要买更大的计算机。
(1)动词think用来引导一个否定概念时，常把think变成否定，而不是把其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词变成否定，在语法上叫"否定转移"，这和汉语的表达习惯不同。e.g.
①我认为他不会来。
I don't think he will come.  (不说：I think he won't come.)
②我认为天不会下雨。
I don't think it will rain.  (不说：I think it won't rain.)
(2)除think外，要进行否定转移的动词还有believe, expect, imagine, suppose, feel等。上述两句中的think都可用believe或expect代替。e.g.
①I don't believe she is at home.  我认为她不在家。
②I don't suppose he is right.  我认为他不对。
(3)"否定转移句"还有一个特点，就是用I/we作主句主语时，反意疑问句要与从句相对应；第二、三人称代词或名词作主句主语时，反意疑问句常与主句相对应，但要注意反意疑问句的人称对象。e.g.
①I don't imagine he cares, does he?我认为他不在乎，是不是?
②They don't think I know you, do they?他们认为我不认识你，是不是?
3. We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.
我们还认为会有更多的人愿意乘飞机旅行。
习惯用法
prefer为及物动词，意为"更喜欢，宁可……也不"(like better.  choose rather)，常见用法有：
(1)prefer to do，意为"喜欢做……，愿意做……"。e.g.
I prefer to start early.  我喜欢早点出发。
(2)prefer to do rather than do, 意为"宁可做……不做……"。e.g.
I prefer to die rather than become a traitor.  我宁可死也不做叛徒。
(3)prefer A to B，意为"A与B相比，更喜欢A"。e.g.
Li Ming prefers maths to English.  李明喜欢数学胜过英语。
(4)prefer doing to doing，意为"喜欢做……胜过做……"。e.g.
I prefer swimming to running.  我喜欢游泳胜过跑步。
4.  The cat help farmers kill lots of mice every year, …
猫每年可以帮助农民消灭许多老鼠……
习惯用法
(1)句中help为及物动词，可用于help sb. (to) do sth结构中，不定式作宾语补足语；也可用于help (to) do sth中，不定式作宾语。help后的不定式符号to可以省略。e.g.
①She will help us (to) learn English.  她将帮我们学英语。
②Using body language in a correct way will help communicate with people.
正确使用身势语有助于同人们进行交际。
(2)短语can't/couldn't help意为"禁不住"，后接动词-ing形式。e.g.
They couldn't help laughing when they heard this story.
当他们听了这个故事后禁不住笑了。
(3)help还可表示"奉以食物、饮料"。e.g.
Help yourself (to the meal), please!请随便用餐吧!
5.If we buy the small one.  the IBMPC386, we might have to change it in a few years ' time for a bigger one.  如果我们买IBMPC386这种较小的计算机，可能几年之后，我们又得换一台大的。
[讲解]  ①If we buy the small one是if引导的条件状语从句。
由if引导的条件从句，用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作或所处的状态。if引导的条件从句可以在主句之前，也可以位于主句后面。这个句型的意思是"如果……就……"，又如：
He may fail his English exam, if Tom misses so many lessons. = If Tom misses so many lessons, he may fail his English exam.
如果汤姆缺这么多课，他就会通不过英语考试。
They'll not go, if it rains tomorrow.
 = If it rains, they'll not go.  如果明天下雨，他们就不去。
②if引导的从句表示过去的情况。如：
If he did that, he must be a fool.  如果他做了那件事，他一定是傻子。

【课本难题解答】
Lesson 33
2  Practice  Have a dialogue with your partner about choosing a computer.   Start like this:
A. I believe we should buy the IBM PC 586. 
B: Why?
A: Because it's bigger and it has improved. 
B: But it's more expensive. 
A: What's your opinion?
B: I believe we should buy IBM PC 386. 
A: Any reason?
B: Yes.  I don't think it's necessary to buy the bigger.   The IBM PC 386 will be big  enough for us. 

【阅读分析点拨】
电脑现在已广泛使用，下面我们学习有关资料，回答一些问题。
Not very long. the computer was a strange machine. Not many people understood it . Not many people said yes to it. Today much of that is changing. The first computer system was introduced for use in business in the mid-1950s. Since then. the number of computer systems used in business, government offices, and institutions has grown rapidly. In 1975. about 2500, 000 systems were in use in the United States. This is growing by tens of thousands every year.
The electric computer is an important factor in our lives. Each year we use computer more and more to help us to collect data and to provide us with information . At one time people thought computers were only useful to banks, department stores, and governments. But today the rapidly increasing number of computers are used for many other purposes. Have you ever stopped to think computer? The newspaper you read could have been edited and typed by a computer. Even radio programmes are often prepared by computers.
Computers today are playing important roles in education, transportation and medicine. They are used to predict the weather, to examine to ocean, and to develop defense systems. They are being used by businesses, governments, and institutions. There is no doubt to think that their uses will become a greater part of our lives.
The influence of the computer is great. The list of its uses could go on and on. Computers now affect millions of people in countless ways every day.
1.Before the 1950s the computer was           .
A.widely used
B.no used at all
C.not understood by many people
D.liked by people
2. The computer today is             than it was before. 
A.reduced     B.increasing fast
C.not changed    D.increasing slowly
3. Although the first computer system was only introduced in the mid-1950s , computers now affect millions of people in countless ways every day. This means the writer            .
A.doesn't like computers
B.liked computers
C.thinks computers have developed rapidly
D.thinks we can't live without computers
答案：1.C  2.B  3.C

【典型热点考题】
1.If I had __________.  I'd visit Europe.  stopping at all the small interesting places.
(NMET1998, 11)
A.a long enough holiday.    B.an enough long holiday
C.a holiday enough long    D.a long holiday enough
2.           to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
(NMET2000, 8)
A.Brave enough students    B.Enough brave students
C.Students brave enough    D.Students enough brave
答案：1.A  2.C

【同步达纲练习】
【词组句式运用】
1.  比较由hand组成的短语：hand in.  hand out.  hand down.  hands up.  at hand.  in hand.  by hand.  from hand to hand.  hand in hand.  hand to hand(逼近地)
试译：
①下课后，请交上你的作业。
                                                                 
②                       (我的书不在手边), but I'll show it to you later. 
③我现在手头上一点钱也没有。
                                                    　　         
④这面包是手工制做的。
                                                                 
⑤他们决定联合执行这项任务。
                                                                 
2.  试译：(for) the first (second…last) time.  once.  twice.  three times.   all time.  in time.  on time.  ahead of time.  in no time.  at the same time.  two at a time.  at one time.  from time to time.  have a good(wonderful) time.  behind the times(落后于时代)(times 可以做"时代"和"次数"之意)
3.  prefer［ｐｒｉ'ｆ :］vt.  宁可，宁愿；更喜欢(preferring.  preferred.  )
试译：
①刘胡兰宁死不屈。(prefer to do…rather than do)
                                                                
②我喜欢游泳甚于溜冰。(prefer doing…to doing)
                                                                
③我妻子喜欢鱼肉甚于鸡肉。(prefer sth.  …to sth.   else)
                                                                
④我更喜欢你星期一来。(prefer sb. to do…)
                                                               
⑤我更喜欢你给我们讲一些有趣的故事。(prefer that clause)
                                                               
4.take part in申报参加某种大型的活动
join参加某种组织，成为……一员或参与某种活动
join sb.  in+某种活动，加入到(某人的)活动中去
join sb.  和某人走到一起来(参加活动)
join in+某种活动，通常代换join，"参与某种活动"
试译：
①参加运动会                                                   
②参加军队(党组织)                                             
③来和我们一起散步吧。                                         
④我希望你们都参加这次讨论                                     
⑤当他看到我们时就停止工作加入到我们的行列。
                                                                
5.  win后不能接人(对手)，可接如下词：
win the race/the battle/the war/a prize/the game/a scholarship/a medal/success/friendship/reward
beat用于战胜(对手)
beat him/the competitor/the team
defeat也可用于打败对手，但更多用于打败敌人。
defeat the enemy打败敌人。
用win/beat/defeat的适当形式填空。
①Our team must ____________ today. 
②You can easily ____________ him at table tennis. 
③John ____________ the match with all the other players last year. 
④I can't ____________ his friendship though I tried. 
⑤They tried their best to ____________ the enemy to defend the city.  
6.the same as…  和一样(same是代词)
the same…as…  和…一样(same是形容词)
the same…that…  和…同一个人/物
试译：
①起初，这种语言同在英国使用的语言保持相同。
                                                             
②他住在父亲住过的同一房间里。
                                                             
③小女孩有着同妈妈一样的头发。
                                                              

【课内课外阅读】
It's Twenty to Seven
There was a man spending most of his time on Sunday before his TV set watching one football game after another.   One evening he fell asleep and spent the night in  his chair when watching a football game on TV.   His wife found him still fast asleep when she rose the next morning.  She was afraid he might be late for his work.  so she woke him up. 
"Get up.  dear, "she said.  "It's twenty to seven!"
The man was soon completely awake and asked, "In whose favour?"
根据短文内容，选择正确答案：
1.The man in the passage was interested in __________.
A.playing football    B.watching TV
C.falling asleep     D.watching football matches on TV
2.The man in the passage watched football games on TV __________.
A.every day      B.every evening
C.once a day      D.every Sunday
3.The wife said "It's twenty to seven", which meant __________.
A.it was the result of the football game
B.it was the time to watch another game
C.it was the time for her husband to get up
D.it was the time for her husband to prepare breakfast
4.Hearing what his wife said.the man thought she had told him __________.
A.the time for him to have breakfast
B.the time for time to go to work
C.the result of the football game
D.the beginning of another game
5.The best title for this passage is __________.
A.A Football Fan     B.A Good Wife
C.A Football Game    D.A Lazy Man
答案：1.D  2.D  3.C  4.C  5.A

【单元知识总结】
1.重点词汇  information; improve; although; believe; necessary; record; repair; complete; a waste of; make a decision; go up; bring down; keep a record; thanks to; at one time; make a plan for…;take up
2.重要句型  1)If we buy the smaller one.  the IBM PC 386, we might have to change it in a few years' time for a bigger one.  2)We must make the buying of tickets easier for our passengers.  3)Although it was expensive, we decided to buy it. We decided to buy it, although it was expensive. 
3.语法  现在完成时的被动语态：1)A new computer has been bought by the CAAC.  2)They have been greatly helped by this new computer.
4.日常交际用语  判断与决定(Judgment and opinion)  1)In my opinion, we should…; 2)What's your opinion?  3)I believe we should…  4)I don't think it is necessary to buy…  5)We must decide …  6)I hope we can make a decision. 

【单元口语交际】
1.-What's your opinion?
-I believe we should buy the smaller one. 
2.-Can you tell me any reason why we should buy the smaller one?
-Yes.I don't think it's necessary to buy the bigger one. 
3.It is used to record the tickets which passengers buy. 

【单元英语写作】
 
bark：vi.  &.  n.  吠叫
注意：
1.故事须包括所有图画的内容，可以适当增加细节，使故事连贯。
2.词数100左右。
内容要点：(详见下表)
明确写作要点和要求后，确定写作人称(可用第一人称Ⅰ)和时态(多用过去范畴的时态为宜)。接着进入第二步。
"二译"主要是根据所掌握内容要点，着手逐一试译。在翻译过程中，考生根据自己的实际水平，尽可能地扬长避短，避难就易。英语的翻译形式是丰富多样的。可采用"不求形式，可求意合；正说有疑，反面着笔；一法不成，另找他途"的24字方计。现就93年书面表达参考范文及其他类似表达方式列表如下：
内 容要 点 高考书面表达参考范文 其他翻译形式(略举几例)
1)父亲住在农村。 My parents live in the country My father and mother are in the country.  /I have my parents, who live in the countryside…
2)家里有一条狗，名叫阿福。     They keep a dog called Ah Fu.   They raise( or have) a dog named Ah Fu.  /who is called (named) Ah Fu.  /whose name is Ah Fu.  /with the name Ah Fu.  /Ah Fu by name.  或They feed a dog.   His name is Ah Fu…
3)父母带妹妹和阿福去田间劳动。 My parents went to work in the field taking my little sister and Ah Fu along. My parents took my younger sister and Ah  Fu to the field for work.  /My parents together with my little sister and Ah Fu went to the field for work.
4)妹妹走向河边，阿福跟随。 My sister walked to a river nearby. Ah Fu followed her there. My sister walked towards a nearby river.  followed by Ah Fu.  /Ah  Fu following her there….
5)妹妹摘花失足落水。 She was trying to pick a flower when she fell into the  river.   She was trying to gather flower and at that time she dropped (slipped) into the river….
6)阿福边叫边跳下河。 Ah Fu barked and jumped into the water immediately. Ah Fu barked as he jumped into the water immediately.  /Ah Fu barked when he jumped into the water right now/right away/at once (without delay hesitation) …
7)父亲跑过来，看见阿福救妹妹。 They(my parents) ran to the river. They saw  Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister. My parents rushed (ran up) to the river. They saw Ah Fu swimming and carrying my little sister to  safety.  /My parents ran up to the river and saw Ah Fu saving my sister for the life there…
8)妹妹得救，阿福受到称赞。 My parents praised Ah Fu warmly. My parents warmly praised Ah Fu for his having saved my sister/for what he had done.  /Ah Fu  was warmly praised by my parents.  /My parents spoke (thought) highly of Ah Fu….
"三串"即把上述试译句子，再适当增加细节加以串通即可。

参考答案:
【同步达纲练习】
1.①Please hand in your homework after class.
②I don't have my book at hand.
③I haven't any money in hand now.
④The bread is made by hand.
⑤They decided to carry out the task hand in hand.
3.①Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than give in.
②I prefer swimming to skating.
③My wife prefers fish rather than chicken.
④I prefer you to come on Monday.
⑤I prefer that you tell us some interesting stories.
4.①take part in the sports meet.
②join the army (the Party)
③Come along and join us in the walk.
④I hope that you'll all join in the discussion.
⑤When he saw us.  he stopped working and joined us.
5.①win  ②beat  ③won  ④win  ⑤defeat
6.①At first, the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain.
②He lives in the same house that his father once lived in.
③The little girl has the same hair as her mother had.