1) 一些与travel（旅行）有关的动词和其它少量动词，可用于一般现在时，表示按规定计划安排要发生的动作。这样的动词常见的有：arrive ,be , begin , come , close , depart , dine , end , go , leave , open , return , sail , start , stop等。例如：
The train leaves at 10:05 a.m. 这列火车上午十点另五分开。
The plane from Hainan arrives at 6 p.m. 从海南来的飞机下午六点到。
When does our school begin? 我们学校什么时间开学？
用一般现在时或现在进行时（限于某些动词）表示按计划安排要发生的事。主要强调"按计划安排要发生的事"。例如：
We’re leaving on friday.
We’re having an English evening tonight.
I’m taking the children to the zoo(on Sunday).

2）现在进行时代替一般现在时表达赞叹厌烦等情感（He is always thinking of others.），或是为了强调情况的暂时性（ We’re starting work at 7:30 for this week.）

3)be的进行时表示一时的情况
The boys are being quiet now.
4)过去完成时可表示想象的过去动作或状态
I wish I had told him about it.

5) 在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。
例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.
I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.

6)一般将来时表示一种倾向和习惯性动作
Crops will die without water.

7）be to表一般将来时
The boy is to succeed if he keeps working this way.

8)谈到已死的人的情况，用一般过去时
lao She was a great writer.
My grandmother was kind to us.

9)现在完成时不能和表示过去特定时间的状语，如：yesterday, last month等连用，但可与today, this week连用

10）mean, intend, plan, expect, wish, want, hope等表示“计划、打算、安排”的动词可用过去完成时表示过去未能实现的计划、打算、安排等
I had meant to visit you last night, but I had an unexpected visitor.

11) 表示过去习惯性的动作（任何人称都用would）
Whenever he had time, he would help them in their work.

12) 将来进行时可表示预计将发生或势必要发生的事情
The train won’t be leaving until one.

13）时态呼应。宾语从句中，主句谓语时态为现在时和将来时时从句谓语动词时态不受影响；主句谓语时态为过去时态时，从句的动词时态与主句谓语中动词时态须一致。
Did you say you had been waiting for us?

14) 虚拟语气中，使用过去时表现在或将来。
It’s time we went.
If he arrived tomorrow, I should meet him at the airport.

15) 用一般将来时预测现在某事可能要发生了：It’s eleven o’clock. Mary will be in bed by now. 或表示现在的习惯：A lion will never attack an elephant.

16）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题.
A. 凡是"完成时态"都表示，不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副词连用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外，ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示"以前"，而不知什么时候的以前。
C. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以for表示的"一段时间"的状语连用。在这种情况下，应该用"It has been … since…"的句式来表达。如：
He has joined the army for five years. （错误）
It has been five years since he joined the army. （正确）

不能用于进行时态和被动语态的动词

1. belong to属于……

　　Our success belongs to all the people present.我们的成功属于在座的每一个人。

2. taste,feel,look,smell,sound等感官动词

　　This kind of food tastes good.这种食物尝起来味道很好。

　　Ice always feels cold to us.对我们来说冰摸起来总是冷的。

3. sell well(畅销),last well(持久),wash well(耐洗),write well(写起来流畅)等动副搭配

　　This kind of flower sells well.这种花很畅销。

　　The pens produced in this factory write well .这家工厂生产的钢笔写起来流畅。

4. wash easily(易洗),break easily(易折), write smoothly(写起来流畅), light easily(易燃)等动副搭配

　　This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布容易洗。

　　It is very wet, the match does not light easily.天气很潮湿,火柴不易划着。

5.  open店铺开门营业

　　This shop doesn't open on Sunday.这家商店周日不开门营业。

　　但是,当open表"打开;开幕;开张"时有被动语态。如:

　　This door was opened by Li Ping.门是被李平打开的。

　　This sports meeting will be opened next week.运动会将于下周开幕。
6. meet遇见;碰到

　　I met him in the street at eight yesterday morning.昨天早晨8点钟我在街上碰到他。

　　注:meet表迎接时有被动语态。如:

　　I was met at the airport by all my old friends in that city.该城老友全都到机场迎接我。

练习
1. The shop ______ last Friday ______ on Sunday.

　　A. opened; is not opened B. was opened; is not opened

　　C. opened; does not open D. was opened; does not open

2.  It was in the street that ______.

　　A.I was meeting him B. he was met

　　C.I meet him D. he was being met

3. To all the people here ______ success.

　　A. is belonged B. is belonging C. belongs D. does belong

时态和语态-A

1.You should have put the milk in the icebox; I expect it _____ undrinkable by now.

a.became
b.has become
c.had become
d.becomes

2.If you smoke in a non-smoking section,people _____ .
a.have objected
b.objected
c.must object
d.will object

3.I decided to go to library as soon as I _____ .
a.finish what I did
b.finished what I did
c.would finish what I was doing
d.finished what I was doing

4.Before the first non-stop flight was made in 1949,it _____ necessary for all planes to land for refueling.
a.would be
b.has been
c.had been
d.would have been

5.There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone _____ me that evening.
a.had interrupted
b.would have interrupted
c.to have interrupted
d.to interrupt

6.We _____ to start our own business,but we never had enough money.
a.have hoped
b.would hope
c.had hoped
d.should hope

7.In this experiment,they are wakened several times during the night,and asked to report what they ______.
a.had just been dreaming
b.have just been dreaming
c.are just dreaming
d.had just dreamt

8.The second book was _______ by August 1952,but two years later,the end was still nowhere in sight.
a.completed
b.to have completed
c.to complete
d.to have been completed
b
d时间，条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时。
das soon as 所引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词finish所发生的时间为“过去将来”。这里的“过去将来”要用一般过去时来表示，不用过去将来时

a
a
cexpect,hope,intend,mean,suppose,think,want等动词的过去完成时可以表示未能实现的希望，愿望，打算等
a现在完成进行时可用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，在说话时，这个动作刚刚结束。现在完成进行时往往强调动作的持续性。
dwas/were+动词不定式完成式表示本打算完成而实际上未完成

9.I’ll go with you as soon as I____my homework.

A.will finish B.finish C.am finishing D.finished

10. .——Come in,Peter,I want to show you something.

——Oh,how nice of you!I_____you_____to bring me a gift. b

A.never think;are going B.never thought;were going

C.didn’t think;were going D.had’t thought;were going

11. 10.The police found that the house_____and a lot of things____.

A.has broken into;has been stolen B.had broken into;had been stolen

C.has been broken into;stolen D.had been broken into;stolen

12. I need one more stamp before my collection_____.

A.has completed B.completes

C.has been completed D.is completed

13. ——Your phone number again?I____quite catch it.

——It’s 9568442.

A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t
在电话用语中，如没听清对方，用一般过去时表示。

14. ——_____the sports meet might be put off.

——Yes,it all depends on the weather.

A.I’ve been told B.I’ve told C.I’m told D.I told

15. Helen____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband____home.

A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come

16. .The Chinese Communist Partty_____in Shanghai in 1921.

A.was found B.found C.was founded D.founded

17. The water will be further polluted unless some measures_____.
 
A.will be taken B.are taken C.were taken D.had been taken

18. Tom sat under a huge tree, and seeing his friends coming, excitedly ___up at once.
A. standing B. stood C. to stand D. had stood

19.  It is said in the book that Thoms Edison(1847-1934)___ the world leading inventor for sixty years.
A. would be B. has been C. was D. had been

20.  My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ____ half of it.
A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed

21.  The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
a

22. ---George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
---No, I ____. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
B. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite

23. All morning as she waited for the medical repot from the doctor, her nervousness ____.
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown

24.  --- Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a fever?
---Of course. What is it?
---I ____ if you could tell me how to fill out the form.
A. had wondered B. was wondering
C. would wonder D. did wonder

1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.
2. In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.
3. Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.
4. ___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.
5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302.
6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.
7. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.  
8. The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.
9. The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.
10. All the worries they might have felt for him ___ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.

Key:
1. comes  一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数
2. has expanded   现在完成时 
3. has been  现在完成时
4. Standing  过去进行时的倒装形式
5. began  一般过去时
6. makes  一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语用单数
7. has been living  现在完成进行时
8. had been sent  过去完成时的被动形式
9. witnessed   一般过去时
10. were driven   一般过去时的被动