关于“主谓一致”的几个原则

        所谓“主谓一致”，就是指英语句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上与主语之间约定俗成的搭配关系。在义务教育阶段的英语教材中，可以归纳为以下几个方面：

一、主语与谓语在“意义上相一致”：

1．  主语形式为单数、意义为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. People think he is an honest boy.

      More police are needed in our town.

2．  主语形式为复数、意义为单数时，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g. No news is good news.

      I think maths is more difficult than English.

3．  主语的中心词表示数量、重量、距离、时间、金钱等，又被看作一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。

e.g. Five years has passed since he joined the army.

      Ten thousand yuan is not too much now.

      Five hundred miles is a long distance.

4．  倒装句中的谓语动词应与它后面的主语一致。

e.g. Among the mountains lies a lake.

      She has seen the film, so have I.

5．  “the + 形容词或分词”作主语时，若指人，谓语动词常用复数；若指事物，谓语动词多用单数。

e.g. The poor are no longer poor in the village.

      The unusual was often written in his composition.

6．  集体名词class, family, group, team, enemy 等作主语时，若指整体，谓语动词用单数；若指具体成员，谓语动词则用复数。

e.g. His family isn’t large.

      His family are all music lovers.

      Their school is a big one.

      Their school are having a sports meeting.

7．  all, none, no, a lot of, some, any, most, half, the rest ( of ), lots of, plenty of, part of, other, enough, what, which, who 和分数作主语或主语的修饰语时，谓语动词常与这些词所修饰或所代替的词保持一致。

e.g. All of us like sports.

      Enough food has been made.

      No woman has been to the moon yet.

但none 作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可。

8．  关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词与关系代词的先行词保持人称和数的一致。

e.g. I, who am old, have never seen such a thing.

      These are the kites which were made by my brother.

二、主语和谓语在“语法上相一致”：

1．  主语为单数形式表单数意义时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式表复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. Jim is an English boy.

      The twins are American.

2. 以clothes, glasses, trousers, goods, things等复数名词为中心词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. Are Tom’s trousers new or old?

      My glasses have been lent to Mary.

3. 以短语a piece ( pair, bottle, box, bowl, …) of …作主语时，谓语动词与piece, pair, bottle, box, bowl等保持一致。

e.g. There is a bottle of ink on the desk.

      There are some boxes of apples on the truck.

4. 在主语的中心词之后有with, together with, except, but, like 等修饰语时，谓语动词与主语的中心词一致。

e.g. All the students except Lin Tao are at school today.

      Miss Green ( together ) with her students has gone to the factory for a visit.

这种情况口语中有时也可以用复数谓语动词形式。

5．由and 或both…and 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；若and连接的并列单数主语名词前有each, every, no 等修饰时，则谓语动词用单数；若and 连接的并列主语指的是同一个人或物（and 之后的名词前无冠词）时，则谓语动词用单数。

e.g. Bob and I are penfriends.

      Every boy and every girl likes the old teacher.

      The singer and cleaner was here yesterday.

但each 作主语的同位语时，则谓语动词应与主语一致。

e.g. They each have a new dictionary.

6. 不可数名词、非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）、从句等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。

e.g. There is air around us.

      To say is one thing, to do is another.

      Seeing is believing.

      What I want to say is this.

7. 由many, few, a few, several, a number of 等作主语的修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. There are many bananas in the baskets, but few are good.

      A number of new books are in the school library.

但the number of… (……的数目)作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

e.g. The number of the students and the teachers in our school is over 800.

8. 由复合不定代词-body, -one, -thing或each, every, either, any(任何一个)，neither, much, little, a little, a great deal of, many a, more than a 等作主语或主语的修饰语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。

e.g. Is everybody here?

      Neither of us has gone there.

      There is more than an answer to this exercise.

一、  动词“与最靠近的主语相一致”：

如果并列主语时，谓语动词通常与最靠近它的主语保持一致。

1．在there ( here ) be…结构中：

e.g. Here is a table and four chairs for you.

      There are four chairs and a table in the room.

2. 由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…连接的并列主语中：

e.g. Neither the twins nor Kate has visited the city.

Not only Tom but also his parents were able to speak Chinese.