动词不定式与被修饰的名词的四种关系 1.主谓关系,例如: He is not such a man to bow before difficulty.
2.所属关系,例如: The young man had no chance to go to school. = The young man had no chance of going to school.
3.(逻辑主语明确的)动宾关系,例如: I will borrow a book from the library to read. to read 与a book 为动宾关系,但它的逻辑主语为I,与read 为主谓关系,故应用动词不定的主动式,而不能用被动式。又如: Can you give me something to eat?
4.(逻辑主语不明确的)动宾关系,例如: He will go to the party to be given at the palace. (该句表明party非he所办) Have you anything to be taken into the room? (该句表明anything是被别人拿走) Have you anything to take into the room? (该句表明anything是“你”拿走) 另外,There is no time to lose. 或:There is no time to be lost. 两句都是正确的,因为该句的主语不明确,time与lose为主动关系和被动关系都可以。前句主要针对说话人本身,而后句主要针对听话的人,该句实际上可以是:There is no time for us/you to lose. 的省略。但这时由于逻辑主语明确为“us/you”,故只能用主动关系。 另外,动词不定式若放在形容词后面,往往也用主动形式来表示被动的含义,例如:This problem is very difficult to solve.
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