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  高一Unit1-12词语辨析48组
  作者:FroG 文章来源:不详 点击数:361 更新时间:2008-5-3  
  
 

1. handsome, beautiful, pretty

handsome 指男士的“俊美”,也指女士的体态美及物品的端庄、匀称与合乎比例。beautiful 指景物的“优美”或女人及小孩的“美丽”。pretty表示“美丽”,有娇嫩、端庄、迷人、小巧的含义。例如:

He is not handsome and his wife is not beautiful, either, but they have a pretty little daughter and a pretty car.. 虽然他不很英俊,他的妻子也不很漂亮,但他们有一个美丽的小女儿和一辆漂亮的小汽车。

2. argue, quarrel

argue指据理“争论”、“辩论”,强调用说理。quarrel指大声地甚至缺乏理智地“争论”、“争吵”。例如:

She argued with her brother about the plan for trip, but after a while they began to quarrel about the place they would travel to.她和她的弟弟争论旅行的计划,但过了一会儿,他们开始为将要去旅行的地点而争吵。

3. in order to , so as to

in order to表示“为了”、“以便”,只引导目的状语,可以置于句首或句末。so as to只能置于句末,可以与in order to互换,但表示“以致于”,即引导结果状语时,则不能互换。例如:

I got up early this morning so as to/in order to catch the early train. 为了赶早车,今天早晨我起床很早。(目的)

She’s afraid of making any noise so as to wake up the baby.她怕发出响声弄醒孩子。(结果)

4. admit, allow, let

admit指“允许进入”某一场所。allow表示“允许”,含有“容忍”或“克制”的意思,常跟名词或动名词作宾语,不定式作宾语补足语时,要带to。let表示“允许”或“让”,主要用于口语,含有“不阻止”的意思,常要求跟复合宾语,作宾补的不定式省略to。例如:

She let me open the door, admitted my friend into the house and allowed smoking in the living-room.. 她让我打开门,允许我的朋友进入屋里,还准许在客厅里吸烟。

5. should do, should have done

should do指现在或将来“应该做某事”。should have done sth.指“过去应该做某事而没有做某事”。例如:

“You should hand in your homework now.” “Sorry. I should have finished my homework last night, but I didn’t.” “你现在该交作业了。”“对不起。我本应昨晚完成的,但我没有。”

6. be into, be interested in

be into意为“被深深迷住”主要用于口语中。be interested in意为“对……有兴趣”,是比较正式和常用的说法,一般可与be into替换。例如:

The boy used not to be interested in his lessons because he was into the game on the computer and. 那孩子过去对功课不感兴趣,因为他深深地迷上了电脑游戏。

7. too much, much too

much too意为“太……”,相当于very的意义。too much 意为“太多”,若修饰可数名词,则用too many。例如:

Now too many people become much too fat, for they eat too much.现在有太多的人变得太肥胖,因为他们吃得太多。

8. alone lone, lonely

alone只表示“单独无伴”,不表示心理上的“孤独”,只能作表语或状语,不能作定语。lone也表示“单独无伴”,只用作定语形容词。lonely表示心理上的“孤独”或地点的“荒凉”。例如:

He lived alone on a lonely island as a lone man, but he didn’t feel lonely. 作为一个独身男子,他在一个孤岛上独自生活了十年,但他并不感到孤独。

9. think of, think about

think about表示“考虑”、“思考”,着重“想”的过程,一般可与think of互换,但“想”的内容比较详细。think of 除了表示“考虑”、“思考”、“认为”、“想某人谋事”外, 还表示“想一下”、“想起”的意思,着重“想”的结果。think about不能表示后一个意思。例如:

We should think about/of the problem. 我们应该考虑这个问题。

I can’t think of his name.我想不起他的名字。

10. even if, even though

表示“即使”、“尽管”,两者可互换,但even if强调从句含有较强的假设性,even though侧重对从句的内容作基本的肯定。例如:

Even if he is a millionaire, he is unable to buy everything. 即使他是个百万富翁,他也无法买到所有的东西。

Even though he is a millionaire, he is unable to buy everything. 尽管他是个百万富翁,他也无法买到所有的东西。

11. care about & care for

表示“喜欢”、“关心”、“照顾”时,care about与care for的意思相同,可相互换用。但示“在意“、”计较”时,只用care about;表示客气的邀请或建议(= would like to)时,只用care for。例如:

She always cares for/about her students. 她总是关心她的学生。

Would you care for some orange? 你想不想要喝点橘子水?

12. error, mistake, fault

error 指无意识地偏离正确的行为、主张或信念而做了错事, 或产生了“偏差”、“错误”。Mistake也指因粗心或理解不正确而造成行动上的“错误”,可与error互换。Fault指性格上的弱点和不足,即小“毛病”、小“错误”。例如:

I know my brother has a fault of carelessness — he often wears my shoes by mistake/error. 我知道我的弟弟有个粗心的毛病 — 他常常错穿我的鞋子。

13. total, all, whole

total着重数量和程度上的“全部的”,强调精确;whole表示“全部的”,强调整体的完整无缺,要置于the, that, any, one’s 等之后,通常只修饰单单数可数名词。All表示“全部的”,强调由各个部分组成的整体,要置于the, that, any, one’s等之前,可以修饰单数或复数可数名词,也可以与不可数名词连用。例如:

She spent all her money on all the books on the bookshelf, the total number of which was 120. She planned to spend a whole year reading them. 她花了全部的钱买了书架上全部的书,书的总数是120册,她计划用整整一年的时间来阅读。

14.a number of, the number of

a number of 意为“许多的”;the number of 意为“……的数目”。例如

The number of the guests invited was 200, but a number of them didn’t attend the party. 被邀请的客人人数是200,但其中许多人没有出席那个宴会。

15. forget, forget about, forget to do, forget doing

forget用作及物动词,表示“忘记”,指无法记忆起某事、某物或某人。Forget to do指“忘记”将要做的事,forget指“忘记”已经做过的事。Forget about指某事、某物或某人并不是真正从记忆中已经消失,即“忘记”了,而是没有将之放在心上,给疏忽了。例如:

The funny computer game made Jimmy forget about his lessons. His mother told him not to forget to work hard at his lesson and she forgot saying so to Jimmy too many times. 有趣的电脑游戏使吉米不把功课放在心上,他母亲叫他别忘记努力学习功课,她忘记她已经对吉米这样说的次数太多了。

16.end in, end (up) with

end in意为“以……告终”、“以……结局”,强调结果。End (up) with意为“以……结束”,强调方式。例如:

His speech ended (up) with a word — “The enemy's plot ended in a fiasco”. 他的演讲以“敌人的阴谋以可耻的失败告终”而结束。

17.speak, say, talk

speak着重“说”的动作或语言。say着重于“说”的内容。talk指随便的“交谈”或“漫谈”。例如:

Mary says that she can speak Chinese and talk with her Chinese friends in Chinese even though they speak quickly. 玛丽说她能够说汉语,能够用汉语与她的中国朋交谈,即使他们说话很快。

18.come about, happen, take place, go on

四词都可表示“发生”,均为不及物动词。come about指日常生活中“发生”的事情。happen指未预料到的偶然性的“发生”。take place指经过努力或筹划后的“发生”,没有“偶然”的含义。go on表示“偶尔发生”,常用于进行时。例如:

— What is going on outside? 外面在发生什么事?

— Oh, Bush is quarreling about money with his wife in the street.哦,布什与他的太太为钱的事在大街上争吵。

— What has happened to them? 他们发生了什么事?

— I don’t know. I only know the quarrel between the couple often comes about and few changes have taken place in their family. 不知道。我只知道那对夫妇常常发生争吵,他们家没有发生什么变化。

19.means, way, method

表示“方法”,means着重于具体的手段,常与介词by搭配。way指一般的方式方法或个人的特殊方式方法,与技巧或效果的好坏无关,常与介词in搭配。method指有系统的有效率的精心拟定的方法。例如:

We must help him by all possible means.我们必须想尽一切办法来帮助他。

I worked out this problem in this way. 我用这种方法算出了这道题。

The scientist is showing the method of scientific farming to the peasants.那位科学家正在向农民示范科学种田的方法。

20.separate, divide, share

separate指“分隔”、“隔开”;divide指“划分”、“分割”;share指“分享”、“均分”。例如:

She separated the big apples from the small ones, and then she divided the biggest one in half. She shared it with his husband.她把大苹果与小苹果分隔开来,然后把一个最大的苹果分成两半。她与丈夫分享了这个苹果。


21.instead, instead of, take one’s place

instead为副词,表示“代替”、“相反”的意思,往往不译出。instead of 为复合介词,后跟名词、代词、动名词、不定式或介词短语作宾语,意为“代替”、“而不是”。take one’s place (或take the place of),表示“代替”,为动词短语。例如:

We didn’t come by bus; we came on foot, instead. =We came on foot instead of by bus. 我们不是搭车来的,我们是步行来的。

The village leader asks Wei Minzhi to take Mr. Gao’s place until he comes back.村长请魏敏芝在高老师回来之前代课。

22.yet, still, already?

yet意为“已经”,用于否定句和疑问句;若表示“还没有”、“仍然”,则用于肯定句。 already用于肯定句,意为“已经”;用于疑问句,表示惊讶或希望得到肯定回答。Still通常用于肯定句,表示“还”、“仍然”;若用于否定句或疑问句,则表示惊讶和不满。例如:

The plane has already taken off. 飞机已经起飞了。

Is he here yet? 他已经来了吗?

Is it time for the plane to take off already? 已经到了飞机起飞的时间吗?(希望得到肯定回答或表示惊讶)

The plane has not taken off yet.飞机还没有起飞。

You were still/yet a child.你那时还是个小孩。

The plane still has not taken off. (不满)

Has the plane still not taken off? (惊讶)

23.unless, if…not

表示“除非……”、“如果不……”时,unless与if…not一般可相互转换。但,if…not为虚拟条件句或if…not重叠使用时,不能用unless转换。例如:

I won’t go to see him if he does not come first. = I won’t go to see him unless he comes first. 如果他不先来,我就不会去看他。

I would not have made such good progress if it had not been for you. 要不是因为你的话,我不会取得这样大的进步。

You won’t pass the exam if you do not work hard and if you do not listen to the teacher.如果你学习不努力,不听老师的话,你考试就会不及格。

24. see sb. off, see sb. out

see sb. off意为“为某人送行”(到车站、机场等);see sb. out 意为“送某人”到门口或屋外。例如:

I’ll go to the airport to see off my girl friend and her mother.我将去机场为我的女友和她的母亲送行。

He saw me out and then said “Goodbye”. 他送我到门口然后道别。

25. combine, join, connect, unite

表示“连接”,combine指原来性质或成分不同的的东西合并成一体,“合并”、“联合”。join指把性质相同但形体上分离的东西直接“连接”起来,使其结合在一起,成为较大的集体或物体,关系较connect密切。connect表示“连接”、“结合”,指两者相互连接,但仍保持各自原有的特征或状态,强调用连接物或通过某种方式把孤立的东西联系起来。unite指两者或两者以上的紧密结合,强调结合后的一致性和统一性,与独立性相对而言,因此,又译成“统一”、“联合”、“团结”。例如:

Can you combine water with oil? 你能把水与油融合起来吗

The army led by Zhu De and the one led by Mao Zhedong joined forces at Mount Jinggang.朱毛领导的军队在井冈山会师。

This flight connects with Chongching one.这班飞机在重庆可接上另一班机。

Qin Shihuang united seven states in 221 B.C.秦始皇于公元前221年统一七国。

26. so that, so…that

so that引导目的状语从句,常与may, can, should等情态动词连用,意为“是为了”、“以便”;引导结果状语从句,常与过去时连用,意为“致使”、“因此”。so…that只引导结果状语从句,意为“那样……以致于……”,so通常置于形容词或副词前,如果在名词前,so要改为such。例如:

They started early so that they could get there in time.他们动身早是为了及时赶到那里。

We started early so that we got there in time.=We started so early that we got there in time.我们动身得早,因此及时赶到了那里。

27.as well as, as well

表示 “也”、“还”,as well用于肯定句,置于句末,作句子的状语;as well as用作连词,连接两个主语时,谓语与前一个主语一致。例如:

He studies hard and he likes playing football as well. 他学习努力,也喜欢踢足球。

The teacher as well as the students is going to buy this book.不但学生们,而且连老师也打算买这本书。

28.beat, hit, strike, knock

beat指连续地“打”或痛打。hit 表示“敲打”、“擦”,可与strike替换,但侧重“击中或碰撞”。strike指突然间急促或用力地“打”、“打击”、“擦划”。Knock指伴有响声地“敲打”或“打翻”。例如:

The boy who was beaten black and blue hit a rabbit with a stone.被打得青一块紫一块的那个孩子用石头打中了一只野兔。

Smith struck a match to light the fire and was to strike iron when he heard someone knock at the door. 史密斯划燃一根火柴点燃炉火纯正要打铁的时候,他突然听见有人敲门。

29.opportunity, chance, occasion

opportunity指良好的“机会”;chance指碰运气的偶然性的“机会”;occasion指重大或重要时刻的良好“机会”,即“时机”。例如:

The new factory offered a good employment opportunity for a lot of people. 新的工厂为多人提供了很好的就业机会。

It's the chance of his lifetime. 这是他一生中难得再遇到的机会。

The peasants seized the April occasion to plant rice seedlings农民抓住四月的好时机插秧。

30. catch, seize, grasp

三词都可表示“抓”。catch指通过侦察、追踪等,以突然袭击的方式把某人或某物“抓获”。seize 指突然用力地“抓住”或“夺取”,也可指“抓住”时间、机会等抽象的事物。表示用手或爪紧紧抓住。例如:

The thief was caught by a policeman, who seized him by the hair, when he was stealing.小偷行窃时被一个警察抓获,警察抓住他的头发。

He grasped a small tree in the flood.在洪水中他紧紧抓住一棵小树。

31.quick, fast, rapid

fast指物体运动速度的“快”或有快速运动的能力,其“快速”有时也许是无益的。quick指动作灵敏,反应得“快”,可用作形容词。rapid指行进速度的“快”或事物发生与发展的“快”,这种“快速”本身通常是有益的。例如:

It is dangerous to drive too fast.开车太快是危险的。

Tommy is quick to learn new things. 汤米接受新事物很快。

The development of our town is rapid.我市的发展很快。

32. while, when, as

三词都可表示“当……时”。when指某 “点”或某 “段”的时间意义;指“段”时间意义时,可与while或as互换;如果when的含义为“就在那时”、“突然”,翻译为“当……的时候”,应译在主句上。while只指“段”的时间意义,其动词通常为状态动词或用进行时态。as可与when或while通用,但若强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生,即含有“一边……,一边……”的意思时,则用as。例如:

The students were singing when the teacher came in.老师进来时,学生们正在唱歌。

I was to go out when it began to rain.我正要出门的时候,天突然下起雨来。

The train arrived as /when /while we were talking happily. 我们正在高兴地交谈时,火车到达了。

He shouted as he stood up.他一边喊,一边站起来。

33.fight, struggle

fight表示的“斗争”包含着体力与勇猛的因素。struggle表示的“斗争”包含着“奋力挣扎”的因素。例如:

Firemen were fighting the forest fire. 消防队员在与森林大火搏斗着。

The girl was struggling in the flood.那个女孩在洪水中挣扎着。

34.will, be going to

will表示单纯的将来或说话人的即时决定,可指近期的“将来”,也可指遥远的“将来”。be going to表示打算、计划、准备将做的事情,或根据某种迹象,预言近期将要发生的事情。例如:

“Don’t forget to come my party.” “I won’t.” “别忘记来参加我的晚会。” “我不会的。”

This railway will be electrified when there is a need.在需要时,这条铁路将改为电气化。I am going to see my grandfather tomorrow.我准备明天去看我的祖父。

Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain.看那黑云!天要下雨啦。

35.take off, take out

take off意为“起飞”、“脱下”、“取消”、“离去”等;take out意为“拔掉”、“去掉”、

“申请取得”、“获得”等。例如:

The plane took off on time. 飞机按时起飞了。

The meeting has been taken off. 会议已经被取消了。

The police took out after the thieves.警方出动警力追捕小偷

You should have taken out insurance. 你本应参加保险的。

36.accept, receive

accept指主观上的乐意“接受”、“收下”。receive指“收到”、“接到(某物)”,着重客观事实或动作,没有主观意愿的含意。例如:

My father received a present but he did not accept it. 我的父亲收到了一件礼物,但他没有接受。

37. on the air, in the air, in the open air

on the air意为“在广播中”;in the air意为“在空中”、“悬而未决”、“在到处流行”;in the open air意为“在露天”。例如:

They were in the open air discussing a problem in the air when the news that a war broke out in Iraq was on the air. 伊拉克爆发战争的消息正在播送的时候,他们正在户外讨论一个悬而未决的问题。

38. high, highly

两词都可用作副词。High意为“高地”、“在高出”;highly意为“高度地”、“非常”。例如:

He jumped highest in the Olympic Game and was thought highly of. 他在奥运会上跳得最高,受到了人们的高度评价。

 

39.till,until, before表示

三词都有“在……以前/为止”的含义。在否定句中,三词可互换,既可用延续性动词,也可用终止性动词。其区别是:till或until强调否定行为或状态的终止时间点;before只表示在某一点或一段时间前的情况。例如:

He did not go to bed until/till/before eleven o’clock.直到十一点钟他才睡觉。

在肯定句中,till/until与延续性动词连用,不与终止性动词连用,强调行为或状态延续的终点时间;before则可以与终止性动词或延续性动词连用,表示在某一点或一段时间前的情况。例如:

He slept till/until sunrise.他睡到日出。(日出前不起床。)

He got up before sunrise.他日出前就起床了。

He slept well before sunrise.日出前他睡得香。

40.be afraid, fear frighten

三次都有“害怕”的意思。afraid是形容词,只用作表语,不用作定语;be afraid of 后可跟名词、动名词或that从句。fear 用作动词或名词,口语中多用be afraid of代替。frighten只用作动词,含义是“吓唬”,“使…害怕”。例如:

Don't be afraid of the dog .(= Don't fear the dog)别怕那只狗。

I fear (am afraid) you are wrong about that. 这事情我想恐怕是你错了。

Don't frighten me. I'm not afraid. 别恐吓我,我不怕。

41.be afraid of, be afraid for, be afraid to

be afraid of指句子主语对已经发生或还未发生的事感到“害怕”的心理情绪,侧重“害怕”的过程。be afraid for指害怕失去某种东西或发生某种意外事故而产生的忧虑心理情绪,强调“害怕”的状态。be afraid to指因“害怕”而不敢去做某事,强调“害怕”的结果。例如:

She was afraid to go home because she was afraid of her stepmother. 因为害怕继母,她害怕回家。

The American soldiers in Iraq are afraid for their lives. 那些在伊拉克的美国士兵常常为他们的生命担心。

42.real, true

两词都可表示“真的”、“真实的”。real指物品的外表与实质一致,不是仿造或模型之类的东西。 True指现实中存在的而不是想象或虚构的东西,多用来修饰抽象名词。例如:

Is it true that the plastic model in your shop is as big as a real girl? 你商店里的塑料模特与真实的女孩一样大是真实的吗?

43.manner, manners, polite

manner系名词,意为“方式”、“态度”,相当于way;manners虽是manner的复数形式,但意思却是“礼貌”、“礼节”、“规矩”;polite为形容词,意思是“礼貌的”,“客气的”、“文雅的”。例如:

The manner in which you speak to her is not polite. As you know, no one likes a person with bad manners. 你对她说话的方式是不礼貌的。如你所知,没有人喜欢不礼貌的人。

44.besides, except, except, except for, but

表示“除外”时,besides用于肯定句,指“除外”的部分包括在总体之内,常与more, other, else, another, also等词连用;用于否定句,则表示“除外”的部分不包含在总体之内,可与except /but通用。except表示的“除外”不包含在总体之中,可接名词、代词、从句等。Except for表示的“除外”,着重于从相反的方面修正句子的主要意思,起补充说明的作用。But也表示“除外”的部分不包含在整体内的之内,常限于与all, every, no, nothing, anything, who, what, where等及形容词最高级连用。例如:

He knows other languages besides English.除了英语外,他还懂别的语言。

I know nothing besides/except/but what I have told you.除了我已告诉你的那些以外,我一无所知。

Your poem was well written except for a wrong word.除了一个错字外,你的诗写得很好。

45.mean to do sth. , mean doing sth.

mean to do sth表示“打算做某事”;mean doing sth表示“意味着”、“意思是”。例如:

She thought it means wasting time that I meant to go fishing. 她认为我打算去钓鱼就意味着浪费时间。

46..start, begin, start with, begin with

通常情况下,表示“开始”的start可与begin互换。但,当start的主语是“事物”而不时“人”、当start为进行时或start后的非谓语动词表示心理活动时,不能用begin替换。start with = begin with意为“从(以)……开始”。例如:

He started /began to labor /laboring at the age of seven. 七岁时,他就开始劳动了。

Tom is starting to do his homework. 汤姆正在开始做家庭作业。

Knowledge starts with practice. 认识从实践开始。

47.but, however, though, while

but表示“但是”,是转折连词,连接两个并列分句,因此,不能与从属连词though/although连用。however表示“但是”或“然而”时,是副词,因此,必须另起新句,可置于句首或句末,且用逗号隔开。though表示“然而”、“但是”,用作副词常置于句末;用作从属连词,则引导状语从句,置于从句之首, 表示“虽然……但是”。while用作并列连词,表示“但是”、“然而”,含有对比的意义。例如:

It is raining heavily, but they are still working in the fields.虽然下着大雨,但是他们仍在田间劳动。

It was raining heavily. They went on working in the fields, however. 天在下着大雨,然而他们继续在田间劳动。(副词 )

Though he was poor, he was happy. 虽然他穷,但很快乐。

Wu Song was fairly handsome, while his elder brother was rather ugly.武松相当的英俊,而他的哥哥却长得相当的丑。

48.laugh, laugh at, smile, laugh away

laugh表示“哈哈大笑”;laugh at表示“对……嘲笑”;smile表示“微笑”。例如:

We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来。

Don’t laugh at the blind man! 不要嘲笑那位盲人。

He and I looked at each other and smiled. 我和他微笑着你看着我,我看着你。

“Oh, is it?” said the sheriff with a sneer. “噢,是吗?”司法官冷笑着说。

 

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