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复习动词时态,请记 3-2-2-1
作者:frog  文章来源:本站原创  点击数  更新时间:2010-3-11 13:16:59  文章录入:frog  责任编辑:frog

    初中阶段我们学了多少动词时态,我常跟同学们说“请记口诀3-2-2-1”.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ J|[KH w'y9L2Z*]ou]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ \PVr D?TaBC|YBC]
    什么是“3-2-2-1”?“3-2-2-1”就是三个“一般”,两个“进行”,两个“完成”,一个“过将”.再具体一点说,三个“一般”就是指一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时;两个“进行”就是指现在进行时和过去进行时;两个“完成”就是指现在完成时和过去完成时;一个“过将”就是指过去将来时。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ gybS8B-&9 v1tmo]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ u:N+]!Kyy5F[{X�^|]
    一、三个“一般”[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ PG$(sz\ex ^[CB'y]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ oD;-(BfY?H \`=bS]
    1.一般现在时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ &X.=S_ stSOig"tRV']
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ x4 +uX �5}?"6]
    结构:动词的一般现在时分为be动词的一般现在时(am/is/are)和行为动词的一般现在时。行为动词的一般现在时,除单数第三人称加s/es外,其余人称均用动词原形。如果是疑问句,be动词则与主语交换位置,行为动词则以Do/Does +主语+动词原形……来表示。如果是否定句,be动词则在其后加not, 行为动词则在其前加do not(don't) 或does not( doesn't )。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 3&~Y2NZgzgEsmiU']
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ C0B8$m/?C6 [v"?e]
    用法:1)表示在现在范围内的经常性的行为习惯和好恶。常会出现如usually, often, always, sometimes, every…等时间状语。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ j=98ZWYb28 M$3`]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ u1NzgaiI;F9{^SO&7_ ]
    I usually get up at six in the morning.(Do you usually get up at six in the morning? / I don't usually get up at six in the morning.) 我通常在早晨六点起床。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ wcUnv3j ,'A&RX]]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ grm`5$"7iO|QS3cK]
    Jane likes playing basket-ball.(Does Jane like playing basketball?/Jane doesn't like playing basketball.) 简喜欢打篮球。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ wUdV**ScpMq|2]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ aU l@A]&=Q=zh+PL]
    2)表示现阶段的状态和特征。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ r('~X!Y3w)3k Z$ 0]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ `~d*G!XN,k{['3aEh]
    You are from England.(Are you from England?/You aren't from England.)你是英国人。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ f10Mdh;{w 0.W:]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ QcRL`)lq�Ol wKu]
    His house is painted yellow.(Is his house painted yellow?/His house isn't painted yellow.)他的房子粉成黄色。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ "hA| PK~P W1VCz]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Seq=e?Th 4}XVkr]
    3)表示客观真理。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 6d OrrN`A~?rWd] Jd]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ x^dd*5w~ b% x)4K]
    The teacher told us the moon is the satellite of the earth.老师告诉我们月亮是地球的卫星。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ DuzXN59:j:Bz6P6g?]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ [{_=xe}kxb(#CGItT*]
    2.一般过去时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ A+08b2p`jx!$;J|@~c]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ +b(Jc8l&q?�Crmft]
    结构:be 动词的一般过去时形式是was/ were; 行为动词的一般过去时形式是原形动词+ed (不规则动词除外),其疑问形式是以Did+主语+动词原形……来表示,其否定形式是did not(didn't)+原形动词。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 41eC~h Sa*.]0E8@"E]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ V1 xf}XgfXs ^k]
    用法:1)常用于有明确时间状语的句子里,其常见的时间状语有yes-terday (morning,  afternoon),last Sunday(week,month, year…),in 1990…, … weeks (months, years) ago…如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ u@?bt9^U5YWz8!.yE0]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ _zH6;6@kgv[*@ flWW]
    I went out to see my friend yesterday.(Did you go out to see your friend yester-day?/I didn't go out to see my friend yesterday.)昨天我出去看我的朋友。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ oV1'*g `2yDg1X ]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ P[I lEm&Vv9~9i+e]
    He was a worker in this factory three years ago. 三年前他是这个厂里的工人。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ^~{,o`tX)40]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ (w~h%_rn27MT:u:]
    2) 用来表示过去范围内的习惯行为,其常见的时间状语有often, usually, always, sometimes, hardly…如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/  7+pOq+`\v3/E1]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ j~E=o$PHcx4'[_Q7]
    I usually went to the restaurant for meals.我通常去那个饭店吃饭。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ )_2B?0YCNhDo:./ p ]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ;% 2YP+RTb Bh84]
    She then was very busy, so she hardly came to see me. 那时她很忙,所以很少来看我。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ WP`8m?oTGnm,t]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ kf7^3 S|" qPu{F]
    3.一般将来时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ !~:KReGhfW69U]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ kR*=e"JP~ _Zr :{]
    结构:shall( 第一人称) / will(所有人称) + 原形动词。另外,如“表示打算做或即将要做要发生的事”,则用be going to do sth.结构。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ x;4_[sTS+~pn- .k2]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 4#X*-K7}Mfya!sb]
    用法:一般将来时用于表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,其时间状语常见的有to-morrow(morning, afternoon, evening),the day after tomorrow,this Monday (Tuesday…),next week( month,year…),in two days( weeks, months, years…)。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 5Q~w?_.aB+d9Pg]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ /%q=(uvrWG7~_2 `=2f]
    I shall go to see my old teacher the day after tomorrow. 后天我要去看我过去的老师。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ a$Zu?_i;Cn~[ak]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ w =_}4=^BtXZ]
    They are going to take a bus to the city center. 他们打算乘公共汽车去市中心。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ owO\p*,{Ptyv qO]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ �Ts;_UEd~FB?azk]
    We know he'll be back in three hours. 我们知道他要在三个小时后回来。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ?K,$BUne^&_ZiZhmG=]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ WqdKuv1 SdJCllU]J]
    二、两个“进行”[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ }6.L[&*=0d oh:]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ a8XP+ [s x _se| !]
    1.现在进行时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ p9S] PXnl.= "Uhf]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ q,m2B }nMrX''UZS]
    结构:am/is/are+现在分词(V-ing)。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ +UV=wAV6L!3EN2`?9]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ WVb^eTs]eTv yfE.y?]
    用法:现在进行时用来表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态,其时间状语很少见,有时用now.如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ UX_bym 5d')X|=SE]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ "g*2D WFR%3z]
    Look,they are watching the football match.瞧,他们正在看足球比赛。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ f?QR@l:q!j�~xh=x]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ sw&lwOs&;!7t;]
    She is lying in bed, but not asleep. 她躺在床上,但没有睡着。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ h2A )TN$0[=Fy'YY]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ uD*5$]ucf% S!f]
    2.过去进行时:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 9UX1dJH3_N�d^8%hG]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ G4=mW"B\= T:S({']
    结构:was/were +现在分词(V-ing)。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ GshZekL8Zz`T"q1a?]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 8"=4ok-SdIKGO]]
    用法:常用来表示在过去范围内的某个时刻或某个时段正在进行的动作,其时间状语有时会出现类似于this time yesterday, at …yesterday morning( afternoon, evening), from…to…yesterday, 以及以when引导的时间状语从句。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S 4z2fQ7g+v[BwXWR]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ pCRKQ TmAK3 _]
    What are you doing this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你在干什么?[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ .d%p:YV]0 $T[6]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ /eNB pVo_9n}G/G]
    He was doing general cleaning in his house from ten to eleven yesterday morning. 昨天上午10点到11点他在屋里搞大扫除。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ~Q |${eN7J o^+p3n]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ .e5=/R7wc9!|,uK xD\]
    Mother was cooking supper when I got home. 我到家时母亲在烧晚饭。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ yp: mG?y80DHQo'n x]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ?TnDJ=NH p7wkmi)]
    三、两个完成[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ (eWT.eB6Xq ,]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ I{h=n$0/s{$De]
    1.现在完成时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ %!b5n�_qsQA,0st]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ kT?H,]'L $ &YF)]
    结构:has/have+过去分词(规则变化+ed;不规则变化需特别记忆)[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ][U8{[Y TUDXU,P!]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ PWj~QFPRhegS3AB]
    用法:1)现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去,但由于对现在产生影响,我们把它看作是在现在范围内的事。其常见的时间状语有already, just, yet, ever, never, before…如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ N# ^�[i?nn lV]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Xxk}!aw-?kYw?z.]
    I have already seen the film. ( 意思是说我现在知道它的内容;或者说我看过了,我现在不想看了;也可能我现在对它有所评价……)[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ I{eaP[;Z#.Wx[dO8]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ VhzX&"LR$5L?Xu]
    Have you finished your homework yet?(其意是说,你可能做作业已经有一个小时了,你现在完成了没有?)[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 1?e8FFTVII%sud $]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ L3]y+Y/�~a!+B]
    2)现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去,但持续到现在而且有可能还要持续下去。 这时要注意谓语要用延续性动词(如be,have,stay,keep,live,work,know,study,teach…)。其时间状语常见有for+一段时间及since+某个时刻或引导一个时间状语从句。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ :cYr,!1.H�#P!YoxU]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 0E,@{["QcS;#r*d =v]
    I have taught in the school for nearly 20 years. 我在这所学校教书已近20年了。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ *`ZPr2YL*CUz;{\]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ *gQe^=\8%20w3BdG]
    He has been in hospital since two days ago. 他两天以前就住进医院了。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/  '\s pBAWS=!g*?']
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S4t|zT^ \:(^roC}h]
    We've been friends ever since we left school. 我们从毕业以来就一直是朋友。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 6I I%�yh"EE&=@s\]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ w|5,VEmpi%&Pd'9n"E]
    2.过去完成时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ y~ ^$}("J& /}]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S Sk!i0WfF4P z"NrC]
    结构:had+过去分词。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ r|1Pq D\2q% G^~Fi*#]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ XU&A:pBh86ND@jmXN]
    用法:过去完成时用在过去范围内,表示在某个时刻之前或某个行为动作之前已经完成了的行为动作,也就是我们常说的“过去的过去”,其常见的时间状语有by the end of…,  一段时间+before以及以(that)引导的宾语从句和以before或because引导的时间状语从句。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ (`jGC#_ |/_T 5}E]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ eaqY sm+JTMPQ-]
    By the end of last term we had finished learning 20 texts. 到上学期期末我们已经学完了20篇课文。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ k3WR(f&O*|}:cp]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S7?jZDk/'n#4Soe]
    He said he had been to the Great Wall two years before. 他说他两年前去过长城。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 8 ?1SZxd=.D[x ]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ]:W?w aI#T#p�+]
    She didn't want to see the film because she had seen it. 她不想去看电影,因为她已经看过了。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ JT!%k�~^m)m0k} ]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ d8#xu,gNxDR/u]
    Tom had worked in America before he came to China. 汤姆来中国之前在美国工作。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ _h}RB&U-a\)?Y]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 0M(]gj8"c8(ezkB hE]
    四、过去将来时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ="*(B/My=;fp.uVkzy3]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ;yQGG=@OKuR~,!x+eWX]
    结构:1)should(第一人称)/would(所有人称)+动词原形;2)was/were going to+动词原形。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ /GA`X R,9Q89+Xz]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ rj|K2JV WOK2 t5(b]
    用法:表示从过去某个时间打算要做某事,或者将要发生的行为和状态。这种时态常见于宾语从句中。其时间状语往往有the next day (week, month, year…), soon, 以及in+一段时间。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S~PXEYmutBYwF]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ V'LOEYUx j\IvzDAMT]
    Mother asked me when I would finish the work. 母亲问我什么时候能完成这项工作。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 2D5G]J.[=}K�z_pQk~[]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ X=K%?= StKrp==`z8]
    Joan said she would come back the next year. 琼说她要到明年回来。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 0j}s/"MYIm],7(8]
    [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ )/O4 pB_c'A8P]
    I knew my sister would come to see me in three days. 我知道我的姐姐三天以后要来看我。
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