考试,评价
打印本文 关闭窗口 |
|
| 复习动词时态,请记 3-2-2-1 | |
| 作者:frog 文章来源:本站原创 点击数 更新时间:2010-3-11 13:16:59 文章录入:frog 责任编辑:frog | |
|
|
|
|
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ \PVr D?TaBC|YBC] 什么是“3-2-2-1”?“3-2-2-1”就是三个“一般”,两个“进行”,两个“完成”,一个“过将”.再具体一点说,三个“一般”就是指一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时;两个“进行”就是指现在进行时和过去进行时;两个“完成”就是指现在完成时和过去完成时;一个“过将”就是指过去将来时。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ gybS8B-&9 v1tmo] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ u:N+]!Kyy5F[{X�^|] 一、三个“一般”[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ PG$(sz\ex^[CB'y] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ oD;-(BfY?H \`=bS] 1.一般现在时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ &X.=S_ stSOig"tRV'] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ x4+uX�5}?"6] 结构:动词的一般现在时分为be动词的一般现在时(am/is/are)和行为动词的一般现在时。行为动词的一般现在时,除单数第三人称加s/es外,其余人称均用动词原形。如果是疑问句,be动词则与主语交换位置,行为动词则以Do/Does +主语+动词原形……来表示。如果是否定句,be动词则在其后加not, 行为动词则在其前加do not(don't) 或does not( doesn't )。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 3&~Y2NZgzgEsmiU'] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ C0B8$m/?C6[v"?e] 用法:1)表示在现在范围内的经常性的行为习惯和好恶。常会出现如usually, often, always, sometimes, every…等时间状语。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ j=98ZWYb28 M$3`] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ u1NzgaiI;F9{^SO&7_ ] I usually get up at six in the morning.(Do you usually get up at six in the morning? / I don't usually get up at six in the morning.) 我通常在早晨六点起床。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ wcUnv3j,'A&RX]] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ grm`5$"7iO|QS3cK] Jane likes playing basket-ball.(Does Jane like playing basketball?/Jane doesn't like playing basketball.) 简喜欢打篮球。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ wUdV**ScpMq|2] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ aUl@A]&=Q=zh+PL] 2)表示现阶段的状态和特征。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ r('~X!Y3w)3k Z$ 0] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ `~d*G!XN,k{['3aEh] You are from England.(Are you from England?/You aren't from England.)你是英国人。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ f10Mdh;{w0.W:] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ QcRL`)lq�OlwKu] His house is painted yellow.(Is his house painted yellow?/His house isn't painted yellow.)他的房子粉成黄色。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ "hA| PK~P W1VCz] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Seq=e?Th 4}XVkr] 3)表示客观真理。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 6d OrrN`A~?rWd] Jd] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ x^dd*5w~ b% x)4K] The teacher told us the moon is the satellite of the earth.老师告诉我们月亮是地球的卫星。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ DuzXN59:j:Bz6P6g?] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ [{_=xe}kxb(#CGItT*] 2.一般过去时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ A+08b2p`jx!$;J|@~c] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ +b(Jc8l&q?�Crmft] 结构:be 动词的一般过去时形式是was/ were; 行为动词的一般过去时形式是原形动词+ed (不规则动词除外),其疑问形式是以Did+主语+动词原形……来表示,其否定形式是did not(didn't)+原形动词。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 41eC~hSa*.]0E8@"E] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ V1 xf}XgfXs ^k] 用法:1)常用于有明确时间状语的句子里,其常见的时间状语有yes-terday (morning, afternoon),last Sunday(week,month, year…),in 1990…, … weeks (months, years) ago…如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ u@?bt9^U5YWz8!.yE0] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ _zH6;6@kgv[*@ flWW] I went out to see my friend yesterday.(Did you go out to see your friend yester-day?/I didn't go out to see my friend yesterday.)昨天我出去看我的朋友。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ oV1'*g`2yDg1X] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ P[I lEm&Vv9~9i+e] He was a worker in this factory three years ago. 三年前他是这个厂里的工人。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ^~{,o`tX)40] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ (w~h%_rn27MT:u:] 2) 用来表示过去范围内的习惯行为,其常见的时间状语有often, usually, always, sometimes, hardly…如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 7+pOq+`\v3/E1] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ j~E=o$PHcx4'[_Q7] I usually went to the restaurant for meals.我通常去那个饭店吃饭。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ )_2B?0YCNhDo:./p ] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ;% 2YP+RTbBh84] She then was very busy, so she hardly came to see me. 那时她很忙,所以很少来看我。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ WP`8m?oTGnm,t] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ kf7^3S|" qPu{F] 3.一般将来时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ !~:KReGhfW69U] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ kR*=e"JP~ _Zr :{] 结构:shall( 第一人称) / will(所有人称) + 原形动词。另外,如“表示打算做或即将要做要发生的事”,则用be going to do sth.结构。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ x;4_[sTS+~pn- .k2] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 4#X*-K7}Mfya!sb] 用法:一般将来时用于表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,其时间状语常见的有to-morrow(morning, afternoon, evening),the day after tomorrow,this Monday (Tuesday…),next week( month,year…),in two days( weeks, months, years…)。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 5Q~w?_.aB+d9Pg] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ /%q=(uvrWG7~_2`=2f] I shall go to see my old teacher the day after tomorrow. 后天我要去看我过去的老师。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ a$Zu?_i;Cn~[ak] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ w =_}4=^BtXZ] They are going to take a bus to the city center. 他们打算乘公共汽车去市中心。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ owO\p*,{Ptyv qO] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ �Ts;_UEd~FB?azk] We know he'll be back in three hours. 我们知道他要在三个小时后回来。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ?K,$BUne^&_ZiZhmG=] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ WqdKuv1 SdJCllU]J] 二、两个“进行”[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ }6.L[&*=0d oh:] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ a8XP+ [sx_se| !] 1.现在进行时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ p9S]PXnl.= "Uhf] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ q,m2B}nMrX''UZS] 结构:am/is/are+现在分词(V-ing)。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ +UV=wAV6L!3EN2`?9] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ WVb^eTs]eTv yfE.y?] 用法:现在进行时用来表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态,其时间状语很少见,有时用now.如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ UX_bym 5d')X|=SE] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ "g*2DWFR%3z] Look,they are watching the football match.瞧,他们正在看足球比赛。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ f?QR@l:q!j�~xh=x] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ sw&lwOs&;!7t;] She is lying in bed, but not asleep. 她躺在床上,但没有睡着。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ h2A )TN$0[=Fy'YY] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ uD*5$]ucf% S!f] 2.过去进行时:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 9UX1dJH3_N�d^8%hG] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ G4=mW"B\=T:S({'] 结构:was/were +现在分词(V-ing)。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ GshZekL8Zz`T"q1a?] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 8"=4ok-SdIKGO]] 用法:常用来表示在过去范围内的某个时刻或某个时段正在进行的动作,其时间状语有时会出现类似于this time yesterday, at …yesterday morning( afternoon, evening), from…to…yesterday, 以及以when引导的时间状语从句。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S 4z2fQ7g+v[BwXWR] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ pCRKQTmAK3 _] What are you doing this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你在干什么?[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ .d%p:YV]0 $T[6] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ /eNB pVo_9n}G/G] He was doing general cleaning in his house from ten to eleven yesterday morning. 昨天上午10点到11点他在屋里搞大扫除。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ~Q |${eN7J o^+p3n] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ .e5=/R7wc9!|,uKxD\] Mother was cooking supper when I got home. 我到家时母亲在烧晚饭。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ yp: mG?y80DHQo'nx] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ?TnDJ=NH p7wkmi)] 三、两个完成[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ (eWT.eB6Xq ,] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ I{h=n$0/s{$De] 1.现在完成时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ %!b5n�_qsQA,0st] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ kT?H,]'L$&YF)] 结构:has/have+过去分词(规则变化+ed;不规则变化需特别记忆)[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ][U8{[Y TUDXU,P!] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ PWj~QFPRhegS3AB] 用法:1)现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去,但由于对现在产生影响,我们把它看作是在现在范围内的事。其常见的时间状语有already, just, yet, ever, never, before…如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ N# ^�[i?nn lV] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Xxk}!aw-?kYw?z.] I have already seen the film. ( 意思是说我现在知道它的内容;或者说我看过了,我现在不想看了;也可能我现在对它有所评价……)[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ I{eaP[;Z#.Wx[dO8] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ VhzX&"LR$5L?Xu] Have you finished your homework yet?(其意是说,你可能做作业已经有一个小时了,你现在完成了没有?)[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 1?e8FFTVII%sud $] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ L3]y+Y/�~a!+B] 2)现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去,但持续到现在而且有可能还要持续下去。 这时要注意谓语要用延续性动词(如be,have,stay,keep,live,work,know,study,teach…)。其时间状语常见有for+一段时间及since+某个时刻或引导一个时间状语从句。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ :cYr,!1.H�#P!YoxU] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 0E,@{["QcS;#r*d =v] I have taught in the school for nearly 20 years. 我在这所学校教书已近20年了。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ *`ZPr2YL*CUz;{\] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ *gQe^=\8%20w3BdG] He has been in hospital since two days ago. 他两天以前就住进医院了。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ '\s pBAWS=!g*?'] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S4t|zT^\:(^roC}h] We've been friends ever since we left school. 我们从毕业以来就一直是朋友。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 6I I%�yh"EE&=@s\] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ w|5,VEmpi%&Pd'9n"E] 2.过去完成时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ y~ ^$}("J& /}] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S Sk!i0WfF4Pz"NrC] 结构:had+过去分词。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ r|1Pq D\2q%G^~Fi*#] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ XU&A:pBh86ND@jmXN] 用法:过去完成时用在过去范围内,表示在某个时刻之前或某个行为动作之前已经完成了的行为动作,也就是我们常说的“过去的过去”,其常见的时间状语有by the end of…, 一段时间+before以及以(that)引导的宾语从句和以before或because引导的时间状语从句。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ (`jGC#_|/_T 5}E] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ eaqY sm+JTMPQ-] By the end of last term we had finished learning 20 texts. 到上学期期末我们已经学完了20篇课文。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ k3WR(f&O*|}:cp] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S7?jZDk/'n#4Soe] He said he had been to the Great Wall two years before. 他说他两年前去过长城。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 8 ?1SZxd=.D[x ] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ]:W?w aI#T#p�+] She didn't want to see the film because she had seen it. 她不想去看电影,因为她已经看过了。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ JT!%k�~^m)m0k} ] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ d8#xu,gNxDR/u] Tom had worked in America before he came to China. 汤姆来中国之前在美国工作。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ _h}RB&U-a\)?Y] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 0M(]gj8"c8(ezkB hE] 四、过去将来时[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ="*(B/My=;fp.uVkzy3] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ;yQGG=@OKuR~,!x+eWX] 结构:1)should(第一人称)/would(所有人称)+动词原形;2)was/were going to+动词原形。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ /GA`XR,9Q89+Xz] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ rj|K2JVWOK2 t5(b] 用法:表示从过去某个时间打算要做某事,或者将要发生的行为和状态。这种时态常见于宾语从句中。其时间状语往往有the next day (week, month, year…), soon, 以及in+一段时间。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S~PXEYmutBYwF] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ V'LOEYUx j\IvzDAMT] Mother asked me when I would finish the work. 母亲问我什么时候能完成这项工作。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 2D5G]J.[=}K�z_pQk~[] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ X=K%?= StKrp==`z8] Joan said she would come back the next year. 琼说她要到明年回来。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 0j}s/"MYIm],7(8] [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ )/O4 pB_c'A8P] I knew my sister would come to see me in three days. 我知道我的姐姐三天以后要来看我。 |
|
打印本文 关闭窗口 |