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1. 将汉语的主语译成英语的宾语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 'c,NG!=4zm`YP= J]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ .7QzNz15'lU G:\j]
因为英语的宾语有两种，即动词宾语和介词宾语，因此，在汉译英时，根据汉语的语言表达方式，可以将汉语的主语译成英语动词的宾语或英语介词的宾语。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Ly$64J;A=X6f /{.]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ mHo)fkQ8RMZ.[ a\\]
1） 译成英语动词的宾语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ e(YX*ch"($]CVS\~]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ;{3~@/z)enQTE~ B )]
E 那家工厂去年生产的钢比前年多。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ v+$J qK7on2malbh]
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The plant produced more steel last year than the year before last.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ w]?=YG^p2 yi \v]
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这种机器的功能有三。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ y4`Ed3a0 v6sXd+K]
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This kind of machine has three functions.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ #af qkou�: Cb]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ T- -q&t/Gyn |))(]
2） 译成英语介词的宾语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ &4 6yei X/`x : jS]
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E 尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大，但他们的个性却不相同。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ p=ih=g&�%:,vLp]
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John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ))4$}q,sW=dyLM@!]
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这座大楼的外观看起来像那座大楼的外观。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ a;ew I@`$jwn /jm]
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This building looks like that one in appearance.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ =1MHDzrxx:KH\_p lr]
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2. 将汉语的表语译成英语的主语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ /CH\N#{hZ MI ; ]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ P9_G '?P)(e}c`3S;^]
E 莉萨、玛丽、托尼和安迪是班上最好的学生。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ @6c4P?yiX&cQIt3P$]
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Of our class the best students are Lisa, Mary, Tony and Andy.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Fu&.2)wRfP\41?@mr]
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鸡、鱼、肉是他最喜欢的三种食物。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ -CqQOpM.~0H/Mr u-l7]
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His three kinds of favorite food are chicken, fish and meat.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 1+~ 14B,%+�#J?_]AV]
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3. 将汉语的主语译成英语的定语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ "]|"KV7Y^ u 0A`I]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ +QWuE/WIg 'VmbN(]
E 在英语四级考试中，听力理解后面是阅读理解。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ %gY1'[0L]SiSI%P*E]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ RqTxjX08kEwZ"p(K]
The next part behind listening comprehension in CET-4 is reading comprehension.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Z=|B?[k=)NMpYZm]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ D.BAo_:_%1 5dMF}GZL]
那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Z|FP\8y12pH$^Vl]
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A lot of natural resources in the mountain area will be exploited and used.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 3_#ZN=Km,1Ifs]
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4. 将汉语的主语译成英语的状语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Pl2"UKpErX&&z=,{]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ =(r"?V[+taZf:S^ru%f]
E 外语教研部用阅卷机给学生批卷。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ )ss4N[&.rG;Wyfs ]
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In the Foreign Languages Department a checking machine is used to correct the students' test papers.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ OmKL 9E^rS3?1tNn?]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ CO~O=gEm'}'}sDr_+&P]
我们班有40名学生。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ X#, RM s-)LUBX'xMH]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ � ~]+~aYjA8 fu95cM]
There are forty students in our class.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ = }%xXjw�m@Q{xLJV=']
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ b3Vf""!]RnCYWr/E4 ]
5. 将汉语的定语译成英语的主语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ }9Z1V^|:\)`:%n@$}]
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E 各种材料的磁性有很大的不同。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ .v{f:yup rP}QB]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ z~qtO)IHw Z"YBK]
Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ t!=@3Hwy@77)@Ls4 ]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Gt"3 bY)rd;kyQE]
晶体管的体积小，重量轻。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ KZe`}}. x}/* ?]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ i;aU#/A"h�D,QgOse j]
Transistors are small in size and light in weight.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ;d4H x7pOHmIm:g!i]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ $h8Qhze:M8wQ7 d]
6. 将汉语的宾语译成英语的主语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ !F U .,lp0CiQ cm83i]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ (96i+MGl !gW $h1a^]
虽然汉语和英语两种语言中都有被动句，但被动句在汉语中应用较少，而在英语中应用却较多。所以常利用英语的被动结构将汉语的宾语译成英语的主语。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ l-B4 4 5%"2FJj;]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ KF^oYroo*B @r]
E 老师鼓励学生多听、多读、多写。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ \ 'uE=]=Q(?@`@3]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ uVW#(S?odfU^i|gC=]
The students are encouraged to do more listening, reading and writing by their teacher.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ EF6.$F=kry$?LP?]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ \?H&{(=e'jLnp]
目前，已经超额完成计划。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ JCIY=n|58}=kRR)]
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The plan has been over fulfilled by now.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ #A\;bF.Q XU!H%3S]
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7. 将汉语的定语译成英语的表语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ W�LI =;GIW 9yh'{]
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E 他最喜欢的运动之一是踢足球。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 5S+)kQSf~ XRv]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ,sw sP{7@E0u,/s\]
Playing football is one of his most favorite sports.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 3(Wzwa:?zpgE}g u]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Q8\_&=O;Ne#w k9]
大气中的气体、水、岩石等是无机物中最普通的实例。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ }?=+-1.C`M2Q8WE]
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The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 'h@@ uSyBL6;WI0V]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ +,K.an,9WhGmEj w]
8. 将汉语的谓语译成英语的定语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ R qeLgZ Q^,@kD s]
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E 由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Pw=st0~d? `J_?swB]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 0l=w nTQJ%w3d5JMxy']
There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ^m;\A-sys 4*)Fy6]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ { = g}KhU7.,g!} 7]
中国人民大学 韩松涛
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