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句子成分的换译法
作者:潘平远  文章来源:本站原创  点击数  更新时间:2010-3-11 14:25:29  文章录入:frog  责任编辑:frog

  由于汉英两种语言表达方式不同,结构也不同,结果导致两者在翻译过程中除了词序不同外,还有语序不同,也就是句子成分的转变。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ @83X6IAyIkemN']
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ �A/nh5=w 6|j]
  1. 将汉语的主语译成英语的宾语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ s%n0eQ.22'$t';2,S]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ (po#KgS'sY#LZNm5G]
  因为英语的宾语有两种,即动词宾语和介词宾语,因此,在汉译英时,根据汉语的语言表达方式,可以将汉语的主语译成英语动词的宾语或英语介词的宾语。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ~ c!89o=AA[b d]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ -Zx"VWTU-^U{u)_]
  1) 译成英语动词的宾语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ $"!u}q$5ATi8=& 9O]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ;zr Rxv&3i|W16bF]
  E   那家工厂去年生产的钢比前年多。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ yAS@d#bmU9hQ{.l]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 7= /vyal9a6n\&Qm]
  The plant produced more steel last year than the year before last.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ `*TyJ=gMU;k.�t]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 3yF"@e,9[LS& uD,F]
  这种机器的功能有三。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ P*Rm5  ]?.V?�oF ]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ o+S|oFMOX ,Vw2B= M]
  This kind of machine has three functions.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ &X)Xc6});z:{PCim,]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ?`=8 b.(QH?Fi+1N"]
  2) 译成英语介词的宾语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ PAdNcduB=pA?Ip]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ m'x?�qDN= *taG"#]
  E   尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大,但他们的个性却不相同。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Fa}tAa [=|MrwMCF]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ]t62s'[% Dv~z VV%]
  John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ $^JR93gk eJ8/:]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ %@q "8 4S4X`Bk[B{7]
  这座大楼的外观看起来像那座大楼的外观。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ +U^f=`^&Pa?S*=cJ!0]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ $\ '*&73 oG9p=8w#c]
  This building looks like that one in appearance.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ {k$^RR pdw,OR']
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Z&('vh:ZL:} G \!n]
  2. 将汉语的表语译成英语的主语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ KPh!e{iK9*:?x]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ |?$&_n0S�3vA5R%&K]
  E   莉萨、玛丽、托尼和安迪是班上最好的学生。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ `|N"?:hP:/m0m?lV7M]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ r.%y) z G^5=V1{;Q]
  Of our class the best students are Lisa, Mary, Tony and Andy.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Tr5JJ .NG6Wo9wyUN]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 'Qk,4U{E)QXMw=6 ]
  鸡、鱼、肉是他最喜欢的三种食物。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ P?L$V{^:5P1k8yI]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ qH,IObz=I?HKV]
  His three kinds of favorite food are chicken, fish and meat.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 1 V8(NQ^Tq \.u~]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ XML  BCUHD4pv04N]
  3. 将汉语的主语译成英语的定语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ hXci; []h k'=^Kwi]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ {3w4W}xp]qJAzN]
  E  在英语四级考试中,听力理解后面是阅读理解。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ rSdL!q*;-b?mlH@k M;z]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ {4p? A{yu;t1=q#D`]
  The next part behind listening comprehension in CET-4 is reading comprehension.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ cLX&4{ C!GI8+m�]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ V uDI7"@N8 BH9]
  那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ @si` C{[\K!Plt;]N]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Q=3Z! *pPLY l�H8S�]
  A lot of natural resources in the mountain area will be exploited and used.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ G`N`FD1M e 07) (]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ dc^= W]OE{,WpOP+R0:d]
  4. 将汉语的主语译成英语的状语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ hLm^g-KYRu~@4%}U)]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ y.Ulw'Jq pBKJ]
  E   外语教研部用阅卷机给学生批卷。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S\?s:Qz9ZJ~l?G$@ ]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ,C}y @,|'v'FZ\]
  In the Foreign Languages Department a checking machine is used to correct the students' test papers.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ w7`e+UzW49iXkF�Oe2Z]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ~V"} m1qiXO@mb]
  我们班有40名学生。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ hL{z WI}YLevd D2D]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ QSl{`ClcX%-?HO=F]
  There are forty students in our class.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ /Tt@QT\hTzT@85'N]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 5bOcsTq]t7w^v|ZlI1]
  5. 将汉语的定语译成英语的主语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ PjP8 k\~8l^af`3s]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ EA|o0Xh'tkmgf9]
  E  各种材料的磁性有很大的不同。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ OxyZ2` n4;tR5L#E]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Q:F :q#_/IJ]xoF']
  Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ )*)deA&DZD06uB;e_]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ fl h9G1n F6yH P_4)']
  晶体管的体积小,重量轻。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ mQOq xTS5$p?SKp6^]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Q,sPVPQ;Pst ]
  Transistors are small in size and light in weight.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ re7wqMu*=pM&G|PRH]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ?92Du#hav/:2QV=\]:L]
  6. 将汉语的宾语译成英语的主语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 5?9y\%m@z `R0Qv]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Kz{$ V(*VrPW7 '"]
  虽然汉语和英语两种语言中都有被动句,但被动句在汉语中应用较少,而在英语中应用却较多。所以常利用英语的被动结构将汉语的宾语译成英语的主语。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ FG{q1p@[[SerQ c(j]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ FA?6T_+:5 i9 %*t=]
  E   老师鼓励学生多听、多读、多写。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ DN}: 3ayG4+"e\!L]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ rJ2D(I5Y/?@ x=ASu]
  The students are encouraged to do more listening, reading and writing by their teacher.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ boKs_)yz9qGBpCw ]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ B4.s GaeS? hWA_]
  目前,已经超额完成计划。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ DO,x~l T_ \B{"o]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ V}=5& qD$}y}E)]
  The plan has been over fulfilled by now.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ "FG1R-1&s`/y~[]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ f N{6v?G^v D2(:]
  7. 将汉语的定语译成英语的表语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ $iY#sJ;{]+[(u ]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ = ,\UGu $Ll @"X3u]
  E   他最喜欢的运动之一是踢足球。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Yp?r`/NEzJefl:TZ]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ GJzy"2Ur7,=u2DPrt]
  Playing football is one of his most favorite sports.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ _,3.C|B.ZsIzVyzt]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ gae=52c=eLJ tN]
  大气中的气体、水、岩石等是无机物中最普通的实例。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ !{E"9?F*Br2\l&]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ zqHI qVq,( ^abS]
  The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ |s/}fi~Z \|4a11u]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ RCM1$f C?zj6�M]
  8. 将汉语的谓语译成英语的定语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 9xJ\l];Gq7O$HK3A}]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ s[P44KOU"?Qw)~:q?]
  E   由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ TnHYAO oc fp;s~\z]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ R1x,GHjI:6k 7~ofRq']
  There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ';[IniB"yf;}0Bv=]
  [文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ t=um@ P{c- LW=]
  中国人民大学   韩松涛
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