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1. 将汉语的主语译成英语的宾语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ SHx=j6[;3_8N}Y]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Lx{9l 5uE$|,,WH9P]
因为英语的宾语有两种，即动词宾语和介词宾语，因此，在汉译英时，根据汉语的语言表达方式，可以将汉语的主语译成英语动词的宾语或英语介词的宾语。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ &GVlu yBB�'C(r=]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 61&Q a ;h9k,"G]
1） 译成英语动词的宾语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ =@?Slx_I*`=]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 3E �#,UC-BQ _/jS]
E 那家工厂去年生产的钢比前年多。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ tr bp"4a&Z4}7n: ]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ vY{rJ?z%aj6X5J ]
The plant produced more steel last year than the year before last.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 3e3R0b~MI? I?!B(O]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ %;Gpf'oJ{;@:#x v(]
这种机器的功能有三。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ n/+~#t}F6 �eO-8 gT]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ &+E2tm?3V: hh ]o]
This kind of machine has three functions.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ p?r1C% 5| q:/6']
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ }G `GyK!RXQAzg3]]
2） 译成英语介词的宾语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ N+%~uDDX! yH=fza]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ j~ " &) 0MF{OsDQ]
E 尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大，但他们的个性却不相同。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ �hkf?UI| ^{%{s6$ Cvq]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ NDY "?r Ey'4_ ]
John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ zgH[uLH Nw] Gic]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ + t,n8_8= ifP/8?]
这座大楼的外观看起来像那座大楼的外观。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Z1?7f%?JlnF!}WZ ]
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This building looks like that one in appearance.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ dbDB^c;3!Sas]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 'Ln-v Wjt*D,Ue]
2. 将汉语的表语译成英语的主语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ k0t)b*ZbRcto1ko4]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ LD7 68~L=6e96h]
E 莉萨、玛丽、托尼和安迪是班上最好的学生。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ,M@!$ ?lIe QF I{`]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 2:Lrev@?$jr% VA0]
Of our class the best students are Lisa, Mary, Tony and Andy.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ $4#f L#)n4[Thj]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ D=;j%~w;8a t"|](]
鸡、鱼、肉是他最喜欢的三种食物。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ O8~dbUM,W@ Er*8]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ]w'VccfAJwP�3e&6 ]
His three kinds of favorite food are chicken, fish and meat.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ YQ=u/ym*QT7 ]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ a2b U`Un2,$c'p7A9]
3. 将汉语的主语译成英语的定语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ j?)�1JeHjwX4]$"?]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ qTc|q ' ^&XiqS9v*]
E 在英语四级考试中，听力理解后面是阅读理解。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ $rlx`�L?c \lyU u(]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ X~',nH~&r^aVn[0]
The next part behind listening comprehension in CET-4 is reading comprehension.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 8!$EZmuh!o8l#3]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ @T~ +B&XM(^|K!R_]
那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ -` vI rWrY6B/IDok]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ }, g@d5E#vo WKCCD]
A lot of natural resources in the mountain area will be exploited and used.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ gTC [HY8!.#B4t s]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ qYac ,6=: + "3T(]
4. 将汉语的主语译成英语的状语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ `p( 1d#9rjR.yh\g]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ E' n&Wtg%==@ l x1L]
E 外语教研部用阅卷机给学生批卷。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ CpW.}-|O9.RY} mea}]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ U;U^Q�7$ EJs|F,]
In the Foreign Languages Department a checking machine is used to correct the students' test papers.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Kp/;l?M2a3O%G]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ DEt 3lFbaenONQq?]
我们班有40名学生。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ A=}gjUR?9c( ?p]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ RE9(T_,3* K`*&7/ D2]
There are forty students in our class.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ft)p f04AI={I5 |]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ /hb=,_T9W4,j8MMj.%1]
5. 将汉语的定语译成英语的主语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Wn1# #{7qTqZPQh ]
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E 各种材料的磁性有很大的不同。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ _G6J^GV(*T?$J]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Zc@K i XzYeYiOT;\]
Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ OmDef2vj+4$;9BR?=+]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ �] Ruv uLM_4;l�i|]
晶体管的体积小，重量轻。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 25V-R]ir( v7;PC=2=]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ :f MIk^07A 3$z]
Transistors are small in size and light in weight.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ K )5Sv eBKK %=P]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ $z5c :r0Yjn2=A�kn]
6. 将汉语的宾语译成英语的主语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ v#b 5Hp \z~?oqdu|SE]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ c'9FW=y+x"Gd}j:P]
虽然汉语和英语两种语言中都有被动句，但被动句在汉语中应用较少，而在英语中应用却较多。所以常利用英语的被动结构将汉语的宾语译成英语的主语。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ "f2q8qOsI XZ+RFc ]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ D=p4 6 s`4*++0{':]
E 老师鼓励学生多听、多读、多写。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ WAyKaTd:?OXhi.z\]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 6b|), qZ%j� **mt']
The students are encouraged to do more listening, reading and writing by their teacher.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ? ib#r,H[zikRNd@]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 'z!xHnpksCV=i A$I]
目前，已经超额完成计划。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Kn"hH ,EZs:dEN$,s N]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ _,.c+R=V|@e?F @O]
The plan has been over fulfilled by now.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ txsA !8Oo{Ic}fK+)]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 2Na?_o H 7KU\prH ]
7. 将汉语的定语译成英语的表语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ !VeH3v|rqsun=zA ]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Al'0hve S& 3k%S V ]
E 他最喜欢的运动之一是踢足球。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ H;./sGR'nd`'#.:`P]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ kT�|]4]K!% Xg& (f]
Playing football is one of his most favorite sports.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ zJN m=@ ' �6cm0yF]1$]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ \wtL.Dc �#j=': M ]
大气中的气体、水、岩石等是无机物中最普通的实例。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ *,|DIY#MTj{BX0L#S]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ uu_a!)mi)EwH6*{_b]
The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 'ee ' Vly;?\dA]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ C!rva8W Y4Jf0]
8. 将汉语的谓语译成英语的定语[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ UWW�3sMf;T*B6s]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ S|v"c 5O;`"h+~.:y]
E 由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ h k%FnnA'QT:OY) :]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Z L,LCg$D`9%8P p?]
There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 'o! Dr-fS5+/F%Nm8w ]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ / e jQ=Qf VuBqW'*a4]
中国人民大学 韩松涛
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