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| 动词时态 — 延续性动词和终止性动词 | |
| 作者:frog 文章来源:本站原创 点击数 更新时间:2010-4-4 18:25:09 文章录入:frog 责任编辑:frog | |
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动词按其动作发生的方式,动作发生过程的长短,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ {']A^" zJ8i xl8 /cFroG] 延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作,这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep,live[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 2z87 GXkHTRG/ FroG] 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词,表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生立即结束,产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后,就不能再继续下去。如:leave, start, set out, arrive, reach, get to, begin, stop, shut, turn off, marry, put, put on, get up, wake, fall, join, receive, finish, end, complete, become, come, go, die, close, open, break, give, jump, buy, borrow[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ klnS~?8N\=j+D[FroG] 1. 终止性动词的用法[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ i;eAxje8PN3]KRy|QrFroG] (1)终止性动词可用于现在完成时态,但是不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ h R+ .v3,U"9sbwFroG] The train has arrived. 火车到了。[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ kmf:U9``AkMih.qby*FroG] Xiao Lin________here for about two hours.[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 3OPG 7d FroG] A. has leftB. left fromC. has been away fromD. went away from[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ zlH '6+BX*ACHi-FroG] Key: C[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ FHs,nt%T =|lLwBFroG] (2)将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用,其常用的方法有如下几种:[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ {{1D5;5^y].x9&.FroG] 1)用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有:buy-have, borrow-keep, come/go/become-be, catch/get a cold-have a cold, get to know-know[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ eHd:(;@ibU9Ml4FL=FroG] 2)be+名词:join the Party/League-be a Party/League member, go to school-be a student join the army-be a soldier[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ }LF\dg'F(;lV{\` g4ZFroG] 3)be+形容词/副词:die-be dead, leave-be away(from), put on-be on, finish/end-be over, begin/start-be on,come-be here/in, fall asleep-be asleep, go out-be out[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 4h F(X|J%a}2l=L0FroG] 4)be+介词短语:go to school-be in/at school, join the army-be in the arm[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ox0s;%}($k=L).#0\FroG] 5)去掉短语中的短暂性动词:get to know-know, come to work-work, begin to study-study[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ r3&^`X P5p/tzwrFroG] (3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已成为一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ g! 4ZyFFNq[?cbiNFroG] I haven't heard from him for two weeks. 我已两个星期没收到他的信了。[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 6ERRRkE=q?vx%q,UFroG] He hasn't left here since 1990. 自从1990年以来,他一直没有离开过这儿。[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ "V`{� \)XxoV8fFroG] (4)终止性动词的否定式同until一起连用,构成"not…until"结构,意为"直到……才……",表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。如:[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ 954uK{RF`+=JF;lFroG] We won't go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops. 直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城。[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ MMy%j9 H_Bg�DbFroG] -When did you go go bed last night? 昨晚你几点钟上床睡觉的?[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ w kU`|&SGwTm?U&FroG] -I didn't go to bed until my father got home. 直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉。[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ G(O0bGBStN$i\yd,dFroG] (5)在while(表示"一段时间")引导的从句中,不能用终止性动词,但when可表示"时间的点",也可表示"一段时间"。如:[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ iIw7oXu'GzdK~&(FroG] 误:We were talking while the teacher came in.[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ a2b&1b\nl)L/8hFroG] 正:While we were talking, the teacher came in.[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ CVstcUuE&? n@Nqn1FroG] 正:We were talking when the teacher came in.[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ ! Rhz@ejZ$1 5,C5pFroG] 2. 延续性动词的用法[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ L~S_# )VcWq6 %[FroG] (1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用。如:[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ zRANm2v}eRak~'FroG] I have read for half an hour. 我读了半个小时书。[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ Xl(r]= ,]s%.VWFroG] (2)延续性动词不能和表示短暂时间的时间点连用。如:[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ n! kFHgf+?FroG] 误:It rained at eight yesterday morning.[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ P-{cty+@Q=8x�3FroG] 正:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ P.Ty=t}'RnfOehhE4FroG] (3)用于until肯定句,它所表示的动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。如:[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ _D+i55diDjxjAaFroG] She listened to the radio until her father came back. 她一直听收音机到她父亲回来。[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te/ *l:HW? y=Q)6Mj"#VvFroG] |
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