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美减排新举为气候峰会打气[文章来自:考试与评价 pDOS0%i/e 7nNt+)z]
US moves to curb emissions, aids UN climate talks[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 ^{I,rLS41qM), 3,$QFroG]
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在哥本哈根气候峰会举行之际，美国环境保护署宣布将温室气体列为对人体健康有害的气体，此举受到了15000名来自各国的与会代表的欢迎。环保署的这一决定使得美国政府在国会尚未通过限制温室气体排放立法的情况下，仍然能够要求企业采取减排措施。美国是唯一一个没有签署《京都议定书》的发达国家。这个消息说明了美国政府实施《清洁空气法案》和应对气候变化的诚意。在此次会议开始之前，很多国家都表示在联合发达国家和发展中国家共同实施减排举措的过程中，美国的作用很关键。欧盟也曾经表示，如果美国愿意为不发达国家减少碳排放，尤其是减少森林砍伐，提供资金支持，欧盟将进一步强化其减排举措。[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 "HW^V%1xV8VI;/@FroG]
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The US Environmental Protection Agency ruled that greenhouse gases endanger human health, allowing it to regulate planet-warming gases without legislation from the Senate, where a bill to cut US emissions by 2020 is stalled.
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The ruling was welcomed at the opening day of December 7-18 talks in Copenhagen, where a record 15,000 participants are trying to work out the first new UN pact in 12 years to combat rising seas, desertification, floods and cyclones.
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"This is very significant in the sense that if...the Senate fails to adopt legislation (on emissions), then the administration will have the authority to regulate," Yvo de Boer, head of the UN Climate Change Secretariat, told Reuters in Copenhagen.
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The United States is alone among industrialized nations outside the existing Kyoto Protocol that curbs emissions until 2012. Kyoto was meant as a small step to avert heatwaves, droughts, and rising sea levels.
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"This is great news and shows that the administration is committed to enforcing the Clean Air Act and addressing climate change," said Keya Chatterjee of the WWF environmental group.
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DEAL "WITHIN REACH"
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Earlier, the Copenhagen talks opened with a stark UN warning about risks of climate change and a prediction by Denmark's Prime Minister Lars Lokke Rasmussen that a deal to combat climate change is "within our reach."
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He said that 110 world leaders including US President Barack Obama would attend a closing summit. The planned presence of so many leaders meant "an opportunity the world cannot afford to miss," he said.
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Many nations say that the United States is the key to a deal in Copenhagen, seeking to break deadlock between rich and poor nations about sharing out the burden of curbs on greenhouse gas emissions. Most emissions are from burning fossil fuels.
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Obama is aiming to cut US emissions by 3 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 with far deeper cuts in coming decades. Many developing nations want far more from Washington by 2020.
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A delegate from a small, tropical island state said the EPA decision was "very positive. But let's hope that Obama will come with something even better when he comes here next week. So far it's not enough."
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Politicians and scientists urged Copenhagen to agree immediate action to curb emissions and come up with billions of dollars in aid and technology to help poorer countries limit their emissions.
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Rajendra Pachauri, the head of the UN's panel of climate scientists, said action was needed to avoid cyclones, heatwaves, floods, and possible loss of the Greenland ice sheet, which could mean a sea level rise of 7 meters over centuries.
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"The evidence is now overwhelming that the world would benefit greatly from early action," he said.
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And he defended the findings by his panel after leaked emails from a British university last month led skeptics to say that researchers had conspired to exaggerate the evidence. He said there were rigorous checks on all research.
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The European Union said it may sharpen its carbon-cutting bid if the United States paid for more carbon cuts in poor nations, especially to curb deforestation.
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Developing nations including small island states, which are most vulnerable to rising sea levels, demanded more action.
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"So far we have not seen any real leadership" from rich nations, said Ibrahim Mirghani Ibrahim of Sudan, speaking on behalf of the Group of 77 and China.
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Dessima Williams, of Grenada, speaking on behalf of small island states at risk from rising seas, said the group "will not accept a made-for-television solution...We are here to save ourselves from burning and from drowning."
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Outside the conference center, delegates walked past a slowly melting ice sculpture of a mermaid, modeled on the Danish fairy tale of "The Little Mermaid," as a call for action.
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