Unit 1 Good Friends

一． Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech(1)

    直接引语和间接引语

1. 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。

    eg: “I broke your CD player.” (一般过去时改成过去完成时)

        He told me he had broken my CD player.

        Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”

        (现在完成时改成过去完成时)

        Jenny said she had lost a book.

        Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend.”

        (一般将来时改成过去将来时)

        Mum said she would go to see a friend.

        过去完成时保留原有的时态

        He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework.”

        He said they hadn’t finished their homework.

        注意 直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。

2． 在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：

        Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”

        Mary said her brother was and engineer.

3． 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：

        He said, “Can you run, Mike?”

        He asked Mike whether/if he could run.

4. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型。如：

        “Pass me the water, please.”said he.

        He asked him to pass her the water.

5. 直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：

        She said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”

        She suggested going to the cinema.

        或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.

二． 聚焦高频考点

1． 倒装句型：前句为肯定句，后句用so+谓语+主语，意为“某人也……”。如：

        She likes dogs. So do I.

    前句为否定句，后句用neither/nor+谓语+主语，意为“某人也不……”。如：

        The girl has no brothers or sisters. Neither/Nor have I.

2. lonely, alone和lone.

    alone=by oneself, without others.

    lonely=unhappy because one is always away from his family or friends，“孤独地”“寂寞的”，暗示主观上的“孤独”“寂寞”，渴望有伴。也可以表示“地方的荒凉”.

lone也有“孤独的，孤零零的一个”，作定语。

    eg: I’m alone but I’m not lonely.

        I can see only one lone star in the cloudy sky.

    leave sth alone表示“不去理会，不要去管某事”。如：

    Leave me alone! 别理我！

    Let alone “更不用说”。 如：

        He can’t speak Japanese, let alone write it.

    作形容词时，alone不能与very连用, 而与much连用，即说much alone或very much alone或all alone; 而lonely可与very连用：very lonely.

3. treat sb. as…把某人当作……来对待

    The old man treated the orphan as his own son.

    “把某人看作……”有以下几种说法：

    regard sb as…=consider sb as…=think of sb as…

    “把…误当作…”: take…for… 如：

    People sometimes take a rope for a snake.

4. care about表示“关心，计较，在乎”，一般用于否定句。如：

    I don’t care about going to the cinema.

    care for表示“关心，照料，喜欢”，如：

    She cared more for new clothes than for anything else.

5. make friends with sb. 和……人交朋友。如：

    We have made a lot of friends with the different people all over the world.

6. hunt for “竭力寻找”，在很多情况下，look for与search for或hunt for互换。如：

    I hunted for the missing book everywhere.

    be after表示“搜寻”“寻找”的状态，不指具体的动作。如：

    That’s what I am after.

7. such as用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，有时可与like互换，但such as用于列举时可分开使用。而for example一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首句中或句末。

    My brother likes collecting different kinds of things, such as coins, books.

三． 常用词语和句型

1． be into sth.对……感兴趣，非常喜欢……(非正式英语)

    eg: I’m not into classical music.

2. be fond of酷爱，非常喜欢，与enjoy相近，比like感情强。

    eg: In his life, he is fond of English.

3. boring主语为物，如：

    The book is boring.

    bored主语为人，如：

    He is bored.

4. survive幸存；活下来；残存；继续存在。

    He survived the traffic accident.

    Only three hundred houses survived the earthquake in that city.

    survive作不及物动词，表示“残存；留传”的意思。

    The custom still survives in that small village.

四. 日常交际用语

    Hi there. I’m Joe.

    I enjoy singing.

    I hate hiking and I’m not into classical music.

    I’m fond of dancing.

    I’m (not) sure that…

    Perhaps…