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动词的语态概述 — 主动形式表示被动意义。 |
作者：frog 文章来源：本站原创 点击数： 更新时间：2010-4-6 |
通常，英语中语态的形式与意义是相互一致的，但也有语态形式与意义不一致的现象。在中学教材中出现了以下几种主动形式表示被动意义的情况。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te T`6A FOt+ l{ 9t\]
(1) be worth doing[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te .s[VI_=
!.Ph#~]
be worth doing句式中，动名词doing的主动形式表示被动意义。相当于be worthy to be done 或be worthy of being done句式。例如：[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te C_T*zK3 q5MOf]
The film is worth seeing again. = The film is worthy to be seen again. = The film is worthy of being seen again.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te / 'b~~y0N3R-)/f]
The lecture is worth listening to. = The lecture is worthy to be listened to. = The lecture is worthy of being listened to.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te 9Ri:WG=EFsq g^WIp]
(2) need / want / require + doing[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te mg;2NlO)l.[.�".
nkM]
当need，want，require意为“需要”时，后接动名词doing的主动形式，表示被动意义。相当于need/want/require + to be done句式。例如：[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te sv$)bx( +P('2p)]
Our classroom needs/wants/requires cleaning. = Our classroom needs/wants/ requires to be cleaned.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te C (23P.+I#'gYE~]
The patient needs/wants/requires being taken good care of. = The patient needs/wants/requires to be taken good care of.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te i z*")NF gQ(\+6@05]
(3) n. + to do[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te
?Z:~I2!ni{P(4]
此结构中，不定式to do的主动形式作定语，表示被动意义。例如：[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te Za)rLv~*UaO$H f=`l]
My father has a big family to support.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te AN`@r '^hwD)wh} O]
I have something important to tell you.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te Ws}*~ {C ub=Y3u9i]
Mathilda had no room to live in.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te _XJ5+=d,:k@~$ESQ]]
(4) n./ pron.(物) + be + adj. + to do 或n./ pron.(物) + be + too + adj. + to do[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te +|gf#S?_Q"o PLdz7=]
此结构中，不定式to do的主动形式表示被动意义。用于该句式中的形容词常常是：easy, heavy, light, hard, difficult, nice, comfortable等，用来说明主语(n./pron.)的特征。例如：[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te M2Y\]),jqP/yF@$ }]
Physics is hard / difficult to study. 物理很难学。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te Rlq##U=BZl?~n-]
The Summer Palace is nice to visit. 颐和园是游玩的好地方。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te g|;[fdJ2o)9"Zn]
This room is comfortable to live in. 这间屋子住起来很舒适。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te Jb0Aux2g#W&m{ v_]
The box is heavy for him to carry. 这个箱子对他来说太沉了。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te Kn!%= 6 ,iBWte, ']
(5) think / find / feel + n./ pron. + to do[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te ECW)c"69FV c0
m:' ]
此结构中不定式to do的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te WEL}k4#W =cN'9(]
I think / find English difficult to study. 我发现（感觉）英语很难学。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te -%^"l=KuvJgQ R]
I feel him hard to get on with. 我觉得他很难相处。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te @?6u W %_b |(oq]
(6) sell, drive, write, read, wash, clean等动词用作不及物动词，用来说明某物内在特点时，用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te ?S=?]eFceW.+;]
This kind of book sells well / badly. 这种书销路好/不好。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te ;yMU(de?8q.7q~�w2U]
The poem reads beautifully. 这首诗读起来很美。[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.trgroup.com.cn/te Fa]?oTZeC GW`@(R'K4]
Your pen writes smoothly. 你的钢笔写起字来很流畅。
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