(1)说明文写作对策[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn \aro$ *s
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说明文(Exposition)是介绍、说明客观事物的一种文体.它主要说明这种事物的形态、性状、成因、构造、功能等特征.它只是客观地介绍、解释事物,使读者获得知识和信息,并不需要发表主张、作出证明.一般说来,知识简介、商品介绍、游览手册、科技读物、工作总结、实验报告等,都属说明文之列.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn G[4aTXR4utI
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写说明文应该目的明确、材料准确详实、语言简练.写作方法上,可以按事物的时间、空间、结构、逻辑顺序来写.也可以采取举例、比较、下定义等方法.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn =AI1TR7'Nlv_h|KsOWe]
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1) 说明文写作注意事项[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn 4y ka6, )bB6pw`dtg;n]
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①限制要说明的事物和范围,因为不可能在一篇短文中介绍太多的事物.比如写一篇题为"The Progress in English Study"的说明文,就必须引用一些实例来说明.由于题目要求写英语学习方面的进步,就不能列举其它学科的成绩.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn tU{"xR)!6Z?9 -}q"]
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②有足够多的、确切的例子阐述论证.如写"Our Head Teacher"的说明文时,必须选用一些具体的事例,如老师如何备课,课堂上怎样使学生在活跃的气氛中学习以及课后的辅导等.选例时不宜太多,否则会给人以堆砌例证、罗列现象之感,但也不要一篇文章只选一例,因为即使事例较典型,若只选一例其说服力也不够有力.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn jW0u49@_Sv**/Bj]
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③用正确、恰当的顺序摆出事实、观点,对一些典型的事例,进行合理的安排,要主次分明.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn Kx =A^bq? MhgU@v&]
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④尽可能使说明的内容有趣、生动,选用典型、新颖的素材,吸引读者.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn mt'pKH5 Q !o=I{1&t]
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2) 说明文的结构[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn �3F=!~6|WV_E{Cz?i]
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说明文的写作结构应遵循引子、正文、结束语三部分的要求.引子部分点出主题,正文部分引证说明主题,结束语部分重申一下主题,以起到强调的效果.但也并不是非用这种结构不可.由于说明文的最大特点就是用事实来说话,因此,文章可以用一个事例来开始.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn bVDPi[@6[qV 3}?c1T]
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(2)说明文佳作赏析[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn e(O9i#L' y^hTK.C�]
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根据下面提示,以"The Telephone"为题,写一篇英语文章,说明电话的用途.主要内容如下:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn ^ir{) @qIWe'X?
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①电话是迄今发明的最受欢迎,用处最大的电器之一.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn NX.D,+C9
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②电话在许多方面给人带来方便,尤其是移动电话的发明使信息的交流更加方便快捷.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn Q_(.OIZ^bcpn~FA12PO]
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③对于远离家门的学生和出差人员来说,电话可以缩短他们与家人的距离.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn /fk FUY32UN-+']
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn 0CsdiFK.Gk ]
④有了电话就可以随时随地且很容易地与他人联系,遇到紧急情况就可以打电话求助.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn 5J )ImLC?a
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⑤我们看了某种产品的广告后,可以通过电话询问信息,与公司订货.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn neHBm|c
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[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn LUp gc?8\pC%v|s]
⑥当今,我们在日常生活中离不开电话.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn \4E~gk6\ T+ )c]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn {g ;zuuX]?^lS_:_y-@]
参考词汇:移动电话 mobile telephone,缩短 shorten,想家的homesick,紧急的urgent[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn OEXZI5~X&=- fjLtO]
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优秀习作:[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn 2NnY1uzJ;b5;"�M40_FroG]
The Telephone[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn =YWG "o^XUvBf bE$)FroG]
The telephone is one of the most welcome and useful electrical devices ever invented. No wonder more and more families have got their own telephones today.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn N%R 4vMm5 t5K2WW"]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn {om!QP8
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The telephone makes things easy in many ways. Especially, after the mobile telephone appeared, communication of information becomes more easy and rapid. To students and people going out for business far away from their homes, the telephone can shorten the distance from their parents and wives and husbands and children. Thus they will get better whenever they are homesick or they run into trouble. With the help of the telephone, people can keep in touch with anyone at any time and any place for urgent help. In such a case, the telephone is especially important. When we read an advertisement in a newspaper or watch it on TV, we can ask for more information of a product through the telephone and even place an order.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn |L ' )KkF ]OId?]
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All in all, the telephone is so helpful that we can say that nowadays we can not live without the telephone in our daily life. We will further improve the performance of the telephone so as to create better conditions for its development.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn 'jas."s,T[a8UG%K.D]
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专家点评:[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn gZ77LGG.drD,R_t\$`+]
[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn (`c9me3aw*c9~]
①本文的正文,即扩充段,分为三个层次:电话对学生和外出办事人员的便利和好处;人们在紧急情况下可以和别人取得联系,求得帮助;通过电话可以获得产品信息,进行订货.这就是说,文章从三个方面展开或支撑了主题句中的思想"make things easy in many ways",从而说明了电话在当今社会的功能.[文章来自:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn 3{qelC7ES5p+PR1]
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②在上述三个层次里,作者均使用了句法和词汇上的强调手段.第一层意思的"their parents and wives and husbands and children"是连词叠用,它能使要表达的内容更加紧密,从而取得强调的效果.第二层意思里的"any one at any time and any place"是一种语音修辞手段,取得了强调"任何时间、任何地点,任何人"的效果.第三层意思里用了"even"一词,它本身的含义就有强调作用.[文章版权 禁止转载:考试与评价 http://www.t-and-e.com.cn
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