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复习动词时态,请记 3-2-2-1 |
作者:frog 文章来源:本站原创 点击数: 更新时间:2010-3-11 |
初中阶段我们学了多少动词时态,我常跟同学们说“请记口诀3-2-2-1”.[文章来自:考试与评价 S x1L[Hk9@7oq!L] [文章来自:考试与评价 |qo8 *Bh%v &~R{jV}|] 什么是“3-2-2-1”?“3-2-2-1”就是三个“一般”,两个“进行”,两个“完成”,一个“过将”.再具体一点说,三个“一般”就是指一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时;两个“进行”就是指现在进行时和过去进行时;两个“完成”就是指现在完成时和过去完成时;一个“过将”就是指过去将来时。[文章来自:考试与评价 }x#xD&dXir=0rBpg8] [文章来自:考试与评价 v"fyp2.c-~PA14?] 一、三个“一般”[文章来自:考试与评价 ?Qx'5OY3v&'(] [文章来自:考试与评价 H *.0@wZ.t5.+5jN1] 1.一般现在时[文章来自:考试与评价 1R7?|]"q#LQIH-5qX ] [文章来自:考试与评价 c(ImbuY�k~'G_"O ] 结构:动词的一般现在时分为be动词的一般现在时(am/is/are)和行为动词的一般现在时。行为动词的一般现在时,除单数第三人称加s/es外,其余人称均用动词原形。如果是疑问句,be动词则与主语交换位置,行为动词则以Do/Does +主语+动词原形……来表示。如果是否定句,be动词则在其后加not, 行为动词则在其前加do not(don't) 或does not( doesn't )。[文章来自:考试与评价 ~i1zVoQu&Z!vo6S*f] [文章来自:考试与评价 JOE
/,ho_c\^+*\] 用法:1)表示在现在范围内的经常性的行为习惯和好恶。常会出现如usually, often, always, sometimes, every…等时间状语。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 #2vx$m`ue0_Q1G\4] [文章来自:考试与评价 `"/?e
sry�N$`*] I usually get up at six in the morning.(Do you usually get up at six in the morning? / I don't usually get up at six in the morning.) 我通常在早晨六点起床。[文章来自:考试与评价 -{$&~TN%*vl'(*HXc-L] [文章来自:考试与评价 M$*4`LjC##wy&*RQ)] Jane likes playing basket-ball.(Does Jane like playing basketball?/Jane doesn't like playing basketball.) 简喜欢打篮球。[文章来自:考试与评价 }c W8~
s`;]sD
EJ-e] [文章来自:考试与评价 uKD:'}m�t,c:_r] 2)表示现阶段的状态和特征。[文章来自:考试与评价 QrKd"fU1xBUk3?pw] [文章来自:考试与评价 iy6qB?2
@zd-[] You are from England.(Are you from England?/You aren't from England.)你是英国人。[文章来自:考试与评价 94mRMO
Rdi@=wl] [文章来自:考试与评价 0sI!w-�_5*c0] His house is painted yellow.(Is his house painted yellow?/His house isn't painted yellow.)他的房子粉成黄色。[文章来自:考试与评价 jWZ(s )5rq80IsUG] [文章来自:考试与评价 r%neStAd;5~T9iz] 3)表示客观真理。[文章来自:考试与评价 Bpj(@s{kEn&cqX=Wc] [文章来自:考试与评价 D-9`oW2a/rvx`I'9] The teacher told us the moon is the satellite of the earth.老师告诉我们月亮是地球的卫星。[文章来自:考试与评价 Q?ZojS4Rm)\8] [文章来自:考试与评价
WO7Y\2L�VQdK+] 2.一般过去时[文章来自:考试与评价 $bIkQ4hoEzP%}bl% ] [文章来自:考试与评价
Q7;?k"ow)ksg] 结构:be 动词的一般过去时形式是was/ were; 行为动词的一般过去时形式是原形动词+ed (不规则动词除外),其疑问形式是以Did+主语+动词原形……来表示,其否定形式是did not(didn't)+原形动词。[文章来自:考试与评价 Z8!S9urc8LKH7+%k] [文章来自:考试与评价 XQ=/n-s4r G2
=6] 用法:1)常用于有明确时间状语的句子里,其常见的时间状语有yes-terday (morning, afternoon),last Sunday(week,month, year…),in 1990…, … weeks (months, years) ago…如:[文章来自:考试与评价 b1{p�:' VP:
QZx] [文章来自:考试与评价 szz
Y ?!th=GL#cl)] I went out to see my friend yesterday.(Did you go out to see your friend yester-day?/I didn't go out to see my friend yesterday.)昨天我出去看我的朋友。[文章来自:考试与评价 @
[J
PtS9!1aeq] [文章来自:考试与评价 � {rNqxGH#Z6,~-%F] He was a worker in this factory three years ago. 三年前他是这个厂里的工人。[文章来自:考试与评价 HR.s$k?=s�!]^sG] [文章来自:考试与评价 B7=BznUo"*d_]] 2) 用来表示过去范围内的习惯行为,其常见的时间状语有often, usually, always, sometimes, hardly…如:[文章来自:考试与评价 atsw^=o3Ew?`!,] [文章来自:考试与评价 wKLv@10?Wz!qF5w�] I usually went to the restaurant for meals.我通常去那个饭店吃饭。[文章来自:考试与评价 C�{,
KId-@^?,=9] [文章来自:考试与评价 aM?4@,:/#d_sv] She then was very busy, so she hardly came to see me. 那时她很忙,所以很少来看我。[文章来自:考试与评价 9 LM?D{~t0KDNG4] [文章来自:考试与评价 @EWt~;7.XIh t
:c] 3.一般将来时[文章来自:考试与评价 _fD?
{!ixVrpd,HR] [文章来自:考试与评价 p\a4nNJ?ZuY$4 l] 结构:shall( 第一人称) / will(所有人称) + 原形动词。另外,如“表示打算做或即将要做要发生的事”,则用be going to do sth.结构。[文章来自:考试与评价 d_^KOT5[lVNOeL] [文章来自:考试与评价 !f`p={J7\I
;{6(D] 用法:一般将来时用于表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,其时间状语常见的有to-morrow(morning, afternoon, evening),the day after tomorrow,this Monday (Tuesday…),next week( month,year…),in two days( weeks, months, years…)。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 H+LFR(eDU4clisx4] [文章来自:考试与评价 uQvXbk0=%w.;'j~T] I shall go to see my old teacher the day after tomorrow. 后天我要去看我过去的老师。[文章来自:考试与评价 S4f7hao'tcKJ#)] [文章来自:考试与评价 ~`z@|{h,]D6(V8g] They are going to take a bus to the city center. 他们打算乘公共汽车去市中心。[文章来自:考试与评价 Lj4 UBmQOSb,lYcLJ] [文章来自:考试与评价 C1w15x]7erlt`'f] We know he'll be back in three hours. 我们知道他要在三个小时后回来。[文章来自:考试与评价 FKbbj0]
15dA'Y
+W] [文章来自:考试与评价 hNph^wvvr&Nco}yp@H}] 二、两个“进行”[文章来自:考试与评价 V]'`E^YR}."h]] D] [文章来自:考试与评价 Q|M\$d@`I*R1gASw] 1.现在进行时[文章来自:考试与评价 VP3NC){q`Xw?(bNS&] [文章来自:考试与评价 ^Y�'T 2CXY0
)30] 结构:am/is/are+现在分词(V-ing)。[文章来自:考试与评价 s_6^G!+O6D/(' %?o] [文章来自:考试与评价 1U?;u-n*L\eZ$AcxZ~] 用法:现在进行时用来表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态,其时间状语很少见,有时用now.如:[文章来自:考试与评价 k
A�T?vPOeANWc$.A)] [文章来自:考试与评价 j4HjCz&c;ZUl"GA4q] Look,they are watching the football match.瞧,他们正在看足球比赛。[文章来自:考试与评价 Ojo3A#WC|w_T$n):] [文章来自:考试与评价 @qO0kw*dr*{R4] She is lying in bed, but not asleep. 她躺在床上,但没有睡着。[文章来自:考试与评价 BMu\fLnkm"y6 ] [文章来自:考试与评价 nrhKoS% "2~-?0&] 2.过去进行时:[文章来自:考试与评价 8I{{.!2wDav
Y44] [文章来自:考试与评价 ^^{VlE?:(w
me'{j] 结构:was/were +现在分词(V-ing)。[文章来自:考试与评价 8zG\N=DM9` W`h] [文章来自:考试与评价 cbG=|p.Wzk`0V] 用法:常用来表示在过去范围内的某个时刻或某个时段正在进行的动作,其时间状语有时会出现类似于this time yesterday, at …yesterday morning( afternoon, evening), from…to…yesterday, 以及以when引导的时间状语从句。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 &
gJ_6hF~
W[#
] [文章来自:考试与评价 sQ10,cvixd-IBKSg[] What are you doing this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你在干什么?[文章来自:考试与评价 HZ?/U%h=~JP7t]W] [文章来自:考试与评价 &*!yUMB=K$#=n}&] He was doing general cleaning in his house from ten to eleven yesterday morning. 昨天上午10点到11点他在屋里搞大扫除。[文章来自:考试与评价 �mPbQbO*R*ZZo
] [文章来自:考试与评价 m^pFr[u]Y@AL~_8P\] Mother was cooking supper when I got home. 我到家时母亲在烧晚饭。[文章来自:考试与评价 e0&4Gr-6n?r)$ ] [文章来自:考试与评价 2)k.k4t.O=G_f�^] 三、两个完成[文章来自:考试与评价 f ;h`g~qBMcfj.)] [文章来自:考试与评价 e?u$ye,+031xX/] 1.现在完成时[文章来自:考试与评价 Kg;QFxxoA|-P6j:?] [文章来自:考试与评价 0U273:k[ym[$mTVAd] 结构:has/have+过去分词(规则变化+ed;不规则变化需特别记忆)[文章来自:考试与评价 .-/`q4~EzR$ZY5nS o] [文章来自:考试与评价 ib/vg@fn2!
V
] 用法:1)现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去,但由于对现在产生影响,我们把它看作是在现在范围内的事。其常见的时间状语有already, just, yet, ever, never, before…如:[文章来自:考试与评价 W"Bewus?fK"E=*y] [文章来自:考试与评价 s{KZj@~X9G\+h2h?] I have already seen the film. ( 意思是说我现在知道它的内容;或者说我看过了,我现在不想看了;也可能我现在对它有所评价……)[文章来自:考试与评价 .}M_wB?_388abl:k] [文章来自:考试与评价 h|PRLvfNQM MkT)tOC] Have you finished your homework yet?(其意是说,你可能做作业已经有一个小时了,你现在完成了没有?)[文章来自:考试与评价 /
~[#ijl'*#bJ] [文章来自:考试与评价 lh
L!"re3C ??] 2)现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去,但持续到现在而且有可能还要持续下去。 这时要注意谓语要用延续性动词(如be,have,stay,keep,live,work,know,study,teach…)。其时间状语常见有for+一段时间及since+某个时刻或引导一个时间状语从句。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 &/kh7uMBGtY|LS)[CM] [文章来自:考试与评价 DuJ;Vh0~B
"&] I have taught in the school for nearly 20 years. 我在这所学校教书已近20年了。[文章来自:考试与评价 qS)`$XLuL%t?] [文章来自:考试与评价 x!6S2C?-0Vt^
,*] He has been in hospital since two days ago. 他两天以前就住进医院了。[文章来自:考试与评价 A?HXM}Z�h\ZN:PZRA#] [文章来自:考试与评价 L` )7]4*QT$Zv =
J] We've been friends ever since we left school. 我们从毕业以来就一直是朋友。[文章来自:考试与评价 YS3.C
\Fb1$TC-2S] [文章来自:考试与评价 $fre=nySPIHj":i] 2.过去完成时[文章来自:考试与评价 LFn+qlJ?~xwjZ7] [文章来自:考试与评价 TsNL\~�\= ax^
(e] 结构:had+过去分词。[文章来自:考试与评价 Cbs(.+JDFg@ Z};] [文章来自:考试与评价 e0u5r{X_FXV] 用法:过去完成时用在过去范围内,表示在某个时刻之前或某个行为动作之前已经完成了的行为动作,也就是我们常说的“过去的过去”,其常见的时间状语有by the end of…, 一段时间+before以及以(that)引导的宾语从句和以before或because引导的时间状语从句。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 4i0Ys7.!(KFLe] [文章来自:考试与评价 Qp~J`$_T\jS*W#C,N] By the end of last term we had finished learning 20 texts. 到上学期期末我们已经学完了20篇课文。[文章来自:考试与评价 +=$Tn?sej?EW ] [文章来自:考试与评价 Bq? j)4:M^!juYx,w] He said he had been to the Great Wall two years before. 他说他两年前去过长城。[文章来自:考试与评价 F g0&e|5@N,-$jN] [文章来自:考试与评价 WPhK^4"GhRFIq{] She didn't want to see the film because she had seen it. 她不想去看电影,因为她已经看过了。[文章来自:考试与评价 07r!=;V|�I/]04i] [文章来自:考试与评价 ^=�SQmt?L}
]
$oXv] Tom had worked in America before he came to China. 汤姆来中国之前在美国工作。[文章来自:考试与评价 k6#(MvK{"zs{iE] [文章来自:考试与评价 RZh}=WyY n4o] 四、过去将来时[文章来自:考试与评价 woawbwZfEV#S] [文章来自:考试与评价 ~C7Qxa'D@H?;V] 结构:1)should(第一人称)/would(所有人称)+动词原形;2)was/were going to+动词原形。[文章来自:考试与评价 4sF?{kY/C[PrO=
`Y] [文章来自:考试与评价 p^}LX]~*;D0mf@] 用法:表示从过去某个时间打算要做某事,或者将要发生的行为和状态。这种时态常见于宾语从句中。其时间状语往往有the next day (week, month, year…), soon, 以及in+一段时间。如:[文章来自:考试与评价 [{:}*Z\sS^nlSquJ?=] [文章来自:考试与评价 XibK1!dzSO@U=H?] Mother asked me when I would finish the work. 母亲问我什么时候能完成这项工作。[文章来自:考试与评价 KO\$T"7:?z_:q84A8] [文章来自:考试与评价 M,@|U?`@Dc8{d.~Xa] Joan said she would come back the next year. 琼说她要到明年回来。[文章来自:考试与评价 ]Mw,m$GX+='d,j)X $] [文章来自:考试与评价 |o@7v'O]' QoHU] I knew my sister would come to see me in three days. 我知道我的姐姐三天以后要来看我。
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