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句子成分的换译法 |
作者：潘平远 文章来源：本站原创 点击数： 更新时间：2010-3-11 |
由于汉英两种语言表达方式不同，结构也不同，结果导致两者在翻译过程中除了词序不同外，还有语序不同，也就是句子成分的转变。[文章来自:考试与评价 :W`}t:$rXt/n7yt{]
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1. 将汉语的主语译成英语的宾语[文章来自:考试与评价 �1VtGB 7vo~R ?HL$1]
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因为英语的宾语有两种，即动词宾语和介词宾语，因此，在汉译英时，根据汉语的语言表达方式，可以将汉语的主语译成英语动词的宾语或英语介词的宾语。[文章来自:考试与评价 =OGd7__$]o ]
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John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.[文章来自:考试与评价 5T6C4X}n7cB(=JVT]
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2. 将汉语的表语译成英语的主语[文章来自:考试与评价 HC^ H%ijtF7+j-o�]
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E 莉萨、玛丽、托尼和安迪是班上最好的学生。[文章来自:考试与评价 yx%Uze/l;32:gFd[w:`]
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Of our class the best students are Lisa, Mary, Tony and Andy.[文章来自:考试与评价 3$Q�-sLx,fLi .mN]
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His three kinds of favorite food are chicken, fish and meat.[文章来自:考试与评价 Ca[(g+wSo2[bDR? i!;]
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E 在英语四级考试中，听力理解后面是阅读理解。[文章来自:考试与评价 kNYdV$CbK6yU+c!p]
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E 外语教研部用阅卷机给学生批卷。[文章来自:考试与评价 YLd=e ;68P@{:@h]
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There are forty students in our class.[文章来自:考试与评价 }l7l MGH "Y~FN*v]
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Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.[文章来自:考试与评价 !sLtb|4O2 6queY AS6]
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Transistors are small in size and light in weight.[文章来自:考试与评价 sj/ $2 x\q#2-|%`) ]
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6. 将汉语的宾语译成英语的主语[文章来自:考试与评价 2 o+ V--zG~URn a!O3]
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虽然汉语和英语两种语言中都有被动句，但被动句在汉语中应用较少，而在英语中应用却较多。所以常利用英语的被动结构将汉语的宾语译成英语的主语。[文章来自:考试与评价 $g
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E 老师鼓励学生多听、多读、多写。[文章来自:考试与评价 eK70Ap9u4t8xI}h& ]
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The students are encouraged to do more listening, reading and writing by their teacher.[文章来自:考试与评价 84#%(w#{3-*S]
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Playing football is one of his most favorite sports.[文章来自:考试与评价 K?`:N%E3%Ah'gi]
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大气中的气体、水、岩石等是无机物中最普通的实例。[文章来自:考试与评价 Ri_k=2HuD6`]\;O]
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The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc.[文章来自:考试与评价 c9Yk[8S@4?('tGUnQ7
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8. 将汉语的谓语译成英语的定语[文章来自:考试与评价 {F|gvoJ@C&szS'Oe~]
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E 由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。[文章来自:考试与评价 M&` PXql 0=0�''!:sx]
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There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.[文章来自:考试与评价 EG"!Q2Rc.L!/D\DW5m
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中国人民大学 韩松涛
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